Chapter 12

Question 1

what is health?

Answer 1

complete physical, social, mental wellbeing

Question 2

historical changes in patterns of morbidity and mortality, from predominance of infectious/parasitic disease to degenerative disease

Answer 2

epidemiological transition

Question 3

morbidity vs mortality?

Answer 3

disease patterns vs. death patterns

Question 4

what are the 4 phases of epidemiological transition?

Answer 4

famine, infectious parasitic, epidemics–>^ ag and nutr, change warfare, lower birth rates, epidemics decrease but infectious high (industrialization, urbanization)–>^ degenerative, ^ ag/nutrition/public health/med interventions–>new infectious diseases + ^degenerative, overuse antibiotics, rapid development and growth of pop., globalization

Question 5

these three top causes of death contribute to over half of deaths

Answer 5

cancer, heart disease, stroke

Question 6

What is the third leading cause of death for men vs. women?

Answer 6

accidents vs. stroke

Question 7

top three actual causes of death:

Answer 7

tobacco, alcohol, poor diet and exercise

Question 8

why is tobacco use increasing?

Answer 8

usage in middle/low income countries

Question 9

what is the biggest predictor of tobacco use in teens?

Answer 9

movies

Question 10

T or F: worldwide, 48% of ppl have never consumed alcohol

Answer 10

T

Question 11

why are gov less focused on reducing alcohol consumption?

Answer 11

get economic benefits from alcohol

Question 12

what is the double burden of low/mid income countries?

Answer 12

malnutrition and obesity

Question 13

what does FCTC stand for?

Answer 13

framework convention on tobacco control

Question 14

the two most significant “fundamental” causes of health and illness

Answer 14

socioeconomic status; ethnicity

Question 15

why socioeconomic status affect health?

Answer 15

stress, lack of access, early childhood development, control of destiny, need to escape, safety of going outside, too busy working multiple jobs to exercise, food insecurity

Question 16

by 2020, ___ is projected to be the second leading disease burden

Answer 16

depression

Question 17

what is the social selection hypothesis?

Answer 17

proposes that if ppl mental disorder not properly treated, will experience functional difficulties in school/work and drift into lower socioeconomic status, prevent going to higher status

Question 18

what is social causation hypothesis?

Answer 18

lack of resources creates stress, which contributes to development of mental illness (this theory more supported by research)

Question 19

other than socioeconomic status, what are other big factors associated with mental health?

Answer 19

rapid social change, low level of education, stressful work conditions, gender discrimination, human rights violations

Question 20

are recent immigrants healthier or less healthy than Canadian-born?

Answer 20

healthier (healthy immigrant effect), but decline after 4 years

Question 21

what are apothecaries?

Answer 21

GPs/barber-surgeons, amputators of limbs

Question 22

first publicly-funded med insurance

Answer 22

1957 Hospital and Diagnostic Services Act

Question 23

what are the 4 objectives of 1968 medicare?

Answer 23

1) universality 2) portability 3) comprehensive coverage 4) administration that is non profit

Question 24

what is the 5th additional objective of medicare?

Answer 24

accessibility (redistribution of income from richer to poorer provinces)

Question 25

concerns of modern medicare:

Answer 25

shortage of physicians, out of pocket expenditures, long wait times, rising cost of health care

Question 26

3 largest components of health care spending?

Answer 26

hospitals, drugs, physician services

Question 27

why rising costs of health care?

Answer 27

aging population

Question 28

a horizontal bar chart that shows how many ppl are in the various age groups, divided by sex

Answer 28

population pyramid

Question 29

2 most common chronic conditions:

Answer 29

arthritis and high blood pressure

Question 30

what is Parson's "sick role"?

Answer 30

temporary role associated with certain rights and responsibilities, dysfunctional

Question 31

what are the 4 components of sick role?

Answer 31

1) granted temporary exemption from his/her normal social duties 2) given sympathy, not considered responsible for condition 3) responsibility to get well 4) responsibility to seek competent technical help

Question 32

how do schneider and conrad differentiate illness and sickness?

Answer 32

sickness is pathology in body, illness is meaning attached to physical experience

Question 33

first conflict theorist to address sociocultural influences on health and illness

Answer 33

Engels

Question 34

capitalist motive is found in fundraising efforts, in what is called ____

Answer 34

cause marketing/social marketing

Question 35

what is medicalization?

Answer 35

the ways that certain characteristics or conditions are defined in medical language, understood through the adoption of medical framework, or treated with med intervention