Chapter 4 Flashcards
(27 cards)
what is the personal-social identity continuum?
range of traits you possess that emphasize manner which you see yourself as unique individual on one end and those that underscore your membership in a group on the other end
____ traits are characteristics presumed to accompany a specific master status
auxiliary
the totality of various traits, feelings, values that underlie own unique personalities and preferences
self concept
the lifelong process through which ppl learn bout themselves and various roles in society and in relation to one another
socialization
the belief that behaviour controlled by genes
biological determinism
who was the main person behind behaviourism?
John B. Watson
symbolic interactionist perspective rests on these 3 assumptions:
1) human beings act toward things on basis of meanings these things have for them 2) meanings derived from social interactions 3) meanings handled and modified thru interpretive process
prep stage is followed by __ stage, followed by __ stage
play (single role); game (multiple roles simultaneously)
I vs. me?
uninhibited spontaneous self unique to person vs. socialized self that acts in accordance with societal expectations
the sense of ourselves that develops based on how we perceive others to view us
looking glass self
reoffending is referred to as:
recidivism
what is social structure?
framework of cultural elements and social patterns in which social interactions take place
3 main areas of social structure:
statuses and roles, social groups, social institutions
what is a status?
recognized social position existing independently of any particular individual
what is a role?
behavioural component of any given status
what is anticipatory socialization?
individuals learn about roles associated with status before taking on status
sum total of all statuses a person holds at any given time is called:
status set
ascribed vs achieved statuses?
inherited or acquired involuntarily vs. social positions obtained through personal actions
role conflict vs role strain?
incompatible role demands as a result of 2+ statuses held at same time vs. incompatible role demands in one status
the tendency for ppl to do better on simple tasks but worse on complex tasks when in presence of others and being evaluated
social facilitation
what is social loafing?
tendency to put in minmal effort on simple group tasks when individual performance not evaluated
relatively permanent societal structures that govern behaviour of groups and promote social order
social institutions
what is a bureaucracy?
formal org model consisting of explicit chain of authority and set of procedures/protocols that guide relationships and processes within it
Weber’s ideal type of bureaucracy involves:
division of labour, hierarchy of authority, written rules, impersonality in decision making, employment based on qualifications
