Chapter 12

Question 1

Power

Answer 1

Ability of a person or group to influence or control some aspect of another person or group

Question 2

Social Power

Answer 2

Power that comes from the ability to influence another in a social relation

Question 3

Force

Answer 3

Power made operative against another’s will

Question 4

Dependence

Answer 4

Means that one person or group relies on another person or group to get what they want or need

Question 5

Control

Answer 5

Authority or ability to exercise restraining or dominating influence over someone or something

Question 6

Powerlessness

Answer 6

Lack of autonomy and participation

Question 7

Empowerment

Answer 7

Involves sharing power, information, and rewards with employees to make decisions and solve problems in their work

Question 8

Zero sum game

Answer 8

Describes a situation in which one person’s gain is equal to another person’s loss

Question 9

The Iron Law of Responsibility

Answer 9

States that when power imbalances get bad enough forces are triggered that will rise up and take the power away (to restore power balances

Question 10

Psychological reactance theory

Answer 10

Say that people rebel against constraints and efforts to control their behavior

Question 11

Position power

Answer 11

stems from the normal hierarchy or authority vested ina particular role

Question 12

Personal power

Answer 12

resides in the individual, and is generated in relationships with others

Question 13

Legitimate power

Answer 13

Formal hierarchical authority that comes with a position

Question 14

Zone of indifference

Answer 14

Range of authoritative requests to which a subordinate is willing to respond without subjecting the directives to critical evaluation or judgment

Question 15

Hierarchical Thinking

Answer 15

Occurs when hierarchical systems create positions of superiority and inferiority in organizations

Question 16

Rewards Power

Answer 16

Comes from one’s ability to administer positive rewards and remove or decrease negative rewards

Question 17

Coercive power

Answer 17

Use of punishment when others do not comply with influence attempts

Question 18

Expert power

Answer 18

Power a person has because of special skills and abilities that others need but do not possess themselves

Question 19

Referent Power

Answer 19

Ability to alter another’s behavior because of the individual’s desire to identify with the power source

Question 20

Information power

Answer 20

Possession of or access to information that is valuable to others

Question 21

Connection power

Answer 21

Association power or reciprocal alliances

Question 22

Association Power

Answer 22

Arises from influence with a powerful person on whom others depend

Question 23

Reciprocal alliances

Answer 23

represent power arising from alliances with others developed through reciprocity (the trading power of favors for mutual gain in organizational transactions

Question 24

3 levels of conformity

Answer 24

Compliance, identification , internalization

Question 25

Compliance

Answer 25

Occurs when individuals accept another's influence not because they believe in the content but because of the rewards or punishment associated with the requested action

Question 26

Commitment

Answer 26

Occurs when individuals accept an influence attempt out of duty or obligation

Question 27

Identification

Answer 27

Occurs when individuals accept an influence attempt because they want to maintain a positive relationship with the person or group making the influence request

Question 28

Internalization

Answer 28

Occurs when an individual accepts influence because the induced behavior is coherent with their value system

Question 29

2 types of resistance

Answer 29

Constructive and dysfunctional resistance

Question 30

Constructive resistance

Answer 30

Characterized by thoughtful dissent aimed at constructively challenging the influencing agent to rethink the issue

Question 31

Dysfunctional resistance

Answer 31

Involves a more passive form of noncompliance in which individuals ignore or dismiss the request of the influencing agent

Question 32

The Bathsheba syndrome

Answer 32

Epitomized when men and women in the pinnacle of power with strong personal integrity and intelligence engage in unethical and selfish behavior because they mistakenly believe they are above the law

Question 33

Formal systems

Answer 33

Dictate what is to be done in organizations and how work processes are to be coordinated and structured

Question 34

Informal systems

Answer 34

Patterns of activity and relationships that arise in everyday activities as individuals and group works to work things done

Question 35

Organizational politics

Answer 35

Efforts by organizational members to seek resources and achieve desired goals through informal systems and structures

Question 36

Self-interested politics

Answer 36

Occur when groups or individuals work to shift otherwise ambiguous outcomes to their personal advantage without consideration of the organization or co-workers

Question 37

Political climate

Answer 37

Shared perception about the political nature of the organization

Question 38

Workarounds

Answer 38

Occur when people work around the system to accomplish a task or goal when the normal process or method is not producing the desired results

Question 39

Power bases

Answer 39

Sources of power individuals and subunits develop in organization

Question 40

Non-substitutable

Answer 40

Means that the individual or the work performed by the subunit cannot usually be replaced

Question 41

Political savvy

Answer 41

Skill and adroitness at reading political environments and understanding how to influence effectively in those environments

Question 42

Political skill

Answer 42

Ability to use knowledge of others to influence them to act in desired ways

Question 43

Social capital

Answer 43

Current or potential resources gained through one's network

Question 44

human Capital

Answer 44

Knowledge, skills, and intellectual assets employees bring to the workplace

Question 45

Brokers

Answer 45

Serve as links between structural holes in a network, providing better access to resources,information and opportunities

Question 46

Structural holes

Answer 46

Are the gaps between individuals and groups in a social network