Chapter 16

Question 1

Vertical specialization

Answer 1

An organization’s hierarchical division of labor

Question 2

Organization charts

Answer 2

Diagrams that depict the formal structures of organizations

Question 3

Span of Control

Answer 3

Number of individuals reporting to a supervisor

Question 4

Line Units

Answer 4

& Personnel conduct the major business of the organization

Question 5

Staff units

Answer 5

Assist the line units by providing specialized expertise and services

Question 6

Output controls

Answer 6

Focus on desired targets for each unit

Question 7

Process controls

Answer 7

Attempt to specify the manner in which tasks are accomplished

Question 8

Policy

Answer 8

Sets forth a broad guideline for action

Question 9

Procedure

Answer 9

Sets forth the best method for performing a task

Question 10

Formalization

Answer 10

Written documentation of rules, procedures and policies to guide behavior and decision making

Question 11

Standardization

Answer 11

Allowable actions in a job or series of jobs

Question 12

Centralization

Answer 12

Degree to which the authority to make decisions is restricted to higher levels of management

Question 13

Decentralization

Answer 13

Degree to which the authority to make decisions is given to lower levels in an organization’s hierarchy

Question 14

Horizontal specialization

Answer 14

Division of labor that establishes specific work units or groups within an organization

Question 15

Coordination

Answer 15

Set of mechanisms that an organization uses to link the actions of their units into a consistent pattern

Question 16

Functional Departmentation

Answer 16

Groups individuals by skill, knowledge, and action

Question 17

Divisional departmentation

Answer 17

Groups individuals together by products, territories, services, clients, or legal entities

Question 18

Organizational design

Answer 18

Process of choosing and implementing a structural configuration

Question 19

Simple design

Answer 19

Configuration involving one or two ways of specializing individuals and units

Question 20

Operations technology

Answer 20

Combination of resources, knowledge, and techniques that creates a product or service output for an organization

Question 21

Adhocracy

Answer 21

Characterized by share decentralized decision making, extreme horizontal specialization, few management levels and minimal formal controls with a few rules, policies or procedures

Question 22

Information tech (IT)

Answer 22

Combination of machines, artifacts, procedures, and systems used to gather, store, analyze, and disseminate information for translating it into knowledge

Question 23

Environmental complexity

Answer 23

refers to the magnitude of the problems and opportunities in the organization’s environment

Question 24

Interfitm alliances

Answer 24

Cooperative agreements or joint ventures between 2 independent firms

Question 25

Bureaucracies

Answer 25

Rely on a division of labor, hierarchical control, promotion by merit with career opportunities for employees, and administration by rule

Question 26

Challenges posed by Bureaucracies

Answer 26

* Overspecialization with conflicts between highly specialized units * Overreliance on the chain of command rather than bottom-up problem solving * Objectification of senior executives as rulers rather than problem-solvers for others * Overemphasis on conformity * Rules as ends in and of themselves

Question 27

The mechanistic type of bureaucracy (Or machine t of b)

Answer 27

emphasizes vertical specialization and control

Question 28

The organic type of bureaucracy (or professional t of b)

Answer 28

Emphasizes horizontal specialization, use of personnal coordination devices, and professional based)-controls

Question 29

Conglomerate

Answer 29

Single corporation that contains a number of unrelated businesses

Question 30

Matrix departmentation

Answer 30

uses both the functional and divisional forms simultaneously