CHAPTER 12: BASICS OF CHEMISTRY

Question 1

Inorganic chemistry is the study of substances that do not contain the element carbon, but may contain which element?

a. silicon
b. oxygen
c. hydrogen
d. nitrogen

Answer 1

c. hydrogen

Question 2

A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances without a loss of identity is _________.

a. a compound
b. an ion
c. a molecule
d. an element

Answer 2

d. an element

Question 3

Chemically combining two or more atoms in definite proportions forms _________________.

a. an acid
b. a molecule
c. a mixture
d. a solvent

Answer 3

b. a molecule

Question 4

A __________ is a stable physical mixture of two or more substances in a solvent.

a. solution
b. emulsion
c. compound
d. element

Answer 4

a. solution

Question 5

A ________ is a substance dissolved into a solution.

a. solvent
b. alkali
c. solute
d. acid

Answer 5

c. solute

Question 6

Liquids that are not capable of being mixed together to form stable solutions are considered _____________.

a. emulsions
b. suspensions
c. miscible
d. immiscible

Answer 6

d. immiscible

Question 7

Unstable physical mixtures of undissolved particles in a liquid are _____________.

a. suspensions
b. mixtures
c. solutions
d. emulsions

Answer 7

a. suspensions

Question 8

An unstable physical mixture of two or more immiscible substances plus a special ingredient is ____________.

a. a suspension
b. an emulsion
c. a mixture
d. a solution

Answer 8

b. an emulsion

Question 9

A substance that allows oil and water to mix or emulsify is ________________.

a. a reducing agent
b. a surfactant
c. an anion
d. a cation

Answer 9

b. a surfactant

Question 10

The tail of a surfactant molecule is oil-loving or _______________.

a. a miscible
b. immiscible
c. lipophilic
d. hydrophilic

Answer 10

c. lipophilic

Question 11

An atom or molecule that carries an electrical charge is called an ____________.

a. alkaline
b. acid
c. atom
d. ion

Answer 11

d. ion

Question 12

Alpha hydroxy acids (AHA’s) are derived from _______ and used in the salon to exfoliate the skin and to help adjust the pH of certain products.

a. plants
b. chemicals
c. minerals
d. food sources

Answer 12

a. plants

Question 13

Chemical reactions that release a significant amount of heat under certain circumstances are _________.

a. endothermic
b. exothermic
c. negative
d. positive

Answer 13

b. exothermic

Question 14

A substance that has a pH below 7.0 is considered to be _________.

a. combustible
b. neutral
c. acidic
d. alkaline

Answer 14

c. acidic

Question 15

Alkanolamines are often used in place of ammonia because they _____________.

a. produce less odor
b. are less expensive
c. have a better texture
d. are more effective

Answer 15

a. produce less odor

Question 16

Which of these is not composed of organic chemicals?

a. pesticides
b. shampoos
c. synthetic fabrics
d. minerals

Answer 16

d. minerals

Question 17

Elemental molecules contain two or more _________ of the same element in definite proportions.

a. atoms
b. ions
c. cations
d. silicones

Answer 17

a. atoms

Question 18

Vapor is ______ that has evaporated into a gas-like state.

a. an element
b. a solid
c. a liquid
d. a chemical

Answer 18

c. a liquid

Question 19

An oxidizing agent is a substance that releases ____________.

a. hydrogen
b. nitrogen
c. oxygen
d. carbon

Answer 19

c. oxygen

Question 20

A pure substance is a chemical combination of matter in _________ proportions.

a. unequal
b. fixed
c. liquid
d. vaporized

Answer 20

b. fixed

Question 21

The glitter in nail polish that can separate from the polish is an example of ____________.

a. an emulsion
b. a mixture
c. a solution
d. a suspension

Answer 21

d. a suspension

Question 22

Water-in-oil emulsions feel ______ than oil-in-water emulsions.

a. greasier
b. hotter
c. wetter
d. colder

Answer 22

a. greasier

Question 23

The ingredient used to raise the pH in hair products to allow the solution to penetrate the hair shaft is _________.

a. an amino acid
b. ammonia
c. an alkaline solution
d. alpha hydroxy acid

Answer 23

b. ammonia

Question 24

Volatile organic compounds contain _____ and evaporate very easily.

a. carbon
b. hydrogen
c. oxygen
d. nitrogen

Answer 24

a. carbon

Question 25

The chemical reaction that combines a substance with oxygen to produce an oxide is ___________.

a. combustion
b. oxidation
c. ionization
d. reduction

Answer 25

b. oxidation

Question 26

The term logarithm means multiples of ____________.

a. 5
b. 10
c. 100
d. 1,000

Answer 26

b. 10

Question 27

A chemical reaction in which oxidation and reduction take place at the same time is _____________.

a. redox
b. oxidation
c. ionization
d. combustion

Answer 27

a. redox

Question 28

Any substance that occupies space and has mass is __________.

a. an atom
b. an element
c. matter
d. a reaction

Answer 28

c. matter

Question 29

Characteristics that can only be determined by a chemical reaction and a chemical change in the substance are ___________.

a. chemical properties
b. elemental properties
c. molecular properties
d. physical properties

Answer 29

a. chemical properties

Question 30

A chemical combination of matter in definite proportions is a ______________.

a. atomic substance
b. combined mixture
c. physical mixture
d. pure substance

Answer 30

d. pure substance

Question 31

A physical combination of matter in any proportion is a _______________.

a. chemical mixture
b. combined mixture
c. physical mixture
d. pure substance

Answer 31

c. physical mixture

Question 32

The _________ is the smallest chemical component of an element.

a. anoin
b. atom
c. cation
d. molecule

Answer 32

b. atom

Question 33

Rapid oxidation of a substance accompanied by the production of heat and light is _____________.

a. reduction
b. emulsification
c. ionization
d. combustion

Answer 33

d. combustion

Question 34

Characteristics that can be determined without a chemical reaction and that do not involve a chemical change in the substance are _______________.

a. chemical properties
b. elemental properties
c. molecular properties
d. physical properties

Answer 34

d. physical properties