Chapter 12 Immunology

Question 1

The term “attenuated” is often used in immunology. What best describes its meaning?

Answer 1

Weakened

Question 2

According to the work of Jenner and Pasteur, prior exposure to microorganisms leads to protective immunity.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Which scientists are associated with the development of the basic concepts of immunology?

Answer 3

Jenner and Pasteur

Question 4

Immunology is:

Answer 4

The study of the body’s response when it is exposed to foreign substances

Question 5

Each antibody can bind to several different kinds of antigens.

Answer 5

False

Question 6

What best describes “immune response”?

Answer 6

The body’s reaction against invading foreign substances

Question 7

IgG can cross the placenta to provide some immunity to newborn animals in their first few weeks of life.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

Different types of immune system cells produce different antibodies when exposed to the same antigen

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Acquired immunity is also called:

Answer 9

adaptive immunity

Question 10

In the recognition step of the acquired immune response, the antigen is called the BLANK molecule

Answer 10

signal

Question 11

What immune system cells secrete antibodies?

Answer 11

B cells

Question 12

What is the first class of immunoglobulins to be synthesized by a fetus or newborn in response to an antigen?

Answer 12

IgM

Question 13

T lymphocytes are the major cell type associated with cell-mediated immunity.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

The innate immune response only develops in response to a specific antigen.

Answer 14

False

Question 15

The most important role of the immune system is to keep foreign substances from entering the blood circulation.

Answer 15

False

Question 16

Antibiotics accelerate the response of the immune system.

Answer 16

True

Question 17

An animal’s innate immune system is functional even if the animal has not been exposed to a foreign substance.

Answer 17

True

Question 18

What cells are the first to recognize the presence of bacterial antigens and release chemical signals to immune cells in other locations?

Answer 18

Phagocytes

Question 19

T lymphocytes are also called T cells.

Answer 19

True

Question 20

What cellular component plays a role in the body’s ability to recognize substances as “nonself”?

Answer 20

Proteins of the major histocompatibility complex.

Question 21

MHC proteins help T lymphocytes recognize and attach to antigens.

Answer 21

True

Question 22

An individual’s innate resistance to foreign substances remains the same throughout his/her life.

Answer 22

False

Question 23

Nutrition can affect the strength of an individual’s innate resistance.

Answer 23

True

Question 24

What enzyme can be found in tears, saliva, and nasal secreations and destroys bacteria?

Answer 24

Lysozyme

Question 25

The same MHC proteins are found in all the animals of the same species, but different MHC proteins are present in animals of different species.

Answer 25

False

Question 26

The acquired immune system only develops an immune response after an antigen has entered the body.

Answer 26

True

Question 27

Fluids from tissues are transported by the circulatory system and recycled by the lymphatic system.

Answer 27

False: transported by lymphatic system and recycled by the circulatory system

Question 28

What is the predominant type of immunoglobulins found in the saliva of mammals?

Answer 28

IgA

Question 29

Antibodies are made up of heavy and light chains.

Answer 29

True

Question 30

What is the method by which an animal can be given passive immunity?

Answer 30

By giving the animals preformed antibodies

Question 31

During which phase of a primary immune response do the antibodies become detectable in the serum?

Answer 31

The log phase

Question 32

Why are adjuvants used in vaccines?

Answer 32

To enhance the immune response

Question 33

Immunization is a process by which an animal develops immunity after having been exposed to an antigen.

Answer 33

True

Question 34

During the plateau phase of a primary immune response, the antibody titer for the pathogen of interest:

Answer 34

reaches its peak

Question 35

A secondary immune response to a given antigen is generally a weaker response than the primary response to the initial exposure.

Answer 35

False

Question 36

Stress can cause temporary immunodeficiencies.

Answer 36

True

Question 37

What best describes autoimmune disease?

Answer 37

The animal's immune system reacts against the animal's own constituents.

Question 38

What organ does the nude mouse lack?

Answer 38

Thymus

Question 39

All diseases that affect the immune system cause a decreased immune response.

Answer 39

False

Question 40

Why is cyclosporin A often used in indviduals who have received tissue transplants?

Answer 40

It is an immunosuppressant drug

Question 41

In AIDS, the HIV virus destroys which of the cells involved in the immune response?

Answer 41

T helper cells and macrophages

Question 42

Drug therapy with corticosteroids can lead to secondary immunodeficiency disease.

Answer 42

True

Question 43

Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) is an immunodeficiecny virus that affects animals belonging to which group?

Answer 43

Nonhuman primates

Question 44

A primary immunodeficiency disease is an acquired condition resulting from an infection or a side effect of a drug treatment.

Answer 44

False

Question 45

Asthma is always caused by an allergic reaction affecting the respiratory track.

Answer 45

False

Question 46

Because they lack a thymus, nude mice lack what component of the immune system?

Answer 46

T cells

Question 47

What is another term used to describe immunodeficient individuals?

Answer 47

Immunocompromised

Question 48

An autoimmune disease is the result of the individual's immune system becoming hypersensitive to some allergen in the environment.

Answer 48

False

Question 49

When a defect in immune response is inherited, it is referred to as a primary immunodeficiency disease.

Answer 49

True

Question 50

What best describes immunosupression?

Answer 50

A lowered immune responsiveness

Question 51

Asthma is always caused by an allergic reaction affecting the respiratory track.

Answer 51

False

Question 52

In general, autoimmune diseases target all organs of the body.

Answer 52

False

Question 53

The transplantation of a pig heart valve into a human is an example of what type of transplant?

Answer 53

Xenograft

Question 54

The BLANK of donor and recipient is a major determinant of success of an organ transplant.

Answer 54

histocompatibility

Question 55

What term would you use to describe a graft that is transplanted between individuals of the same species?

Answer 55

Allograft

Question 56

What immune system cells secrete antibodies?

Answer 56

B Cells

Question 57

What is typical of a secondary(anamnestic) immune response?

Answer 57

The serum titer rises to a higher level during the primary response

Question 58

B cells and plasma cells are part of the BLANK -mediated immune response.

Answer 58

antibody

Question 59

What is another term for macrophages?

Answer 59

antigen-presenting cells

Question 60

What component of the innate immune system coats the surface of invading organisms to facilitate their attack by the macrophages?

Answer 60

complement proteins

Question 61

What cell lineage is affected in XID mice?

Answer 61

B cell

Question 62

What is true of phagocytes?

Answer 62

They engulf foreign materials

Question 63

What is the most abundant immunoglobulin in mammalian serum?

Answer 63

IgG

Question 64

What of the following is a type of interferon?

Answer 64

Beta

Question 65

What cells of the immune system develop into plasma cells?

Answer 65

B cells

Question 66

AIDS is an example of what type of disease?

Answer 66

Secondary immunodeficiency disease

Question 67

An antibody-mediated immune response is associated with which kind of cells?

Answer 67

B cells

Question 68

Which cell population is lacking in SCID mice?

Answer 68

T cells and B cells

Question 69

Which statement applies to chronic immune complex diseases?

Answer 69

There is an accumulation of antigen-antibody complexes in the bloodstream.

Question 70

What are the three steps involved in an acquired immunity response to a foreign substance?

Answer 70

Recognition, amplification, and resolution

Question 71

What is the role of cytokines?

Answer 71

They transmit information about the presence of a foreign substance.

Question 72

What is the most abundant immunoglobulin in mammalian serum?

Answer 72

IgG

Question 73

What is typical of a secondary (anamnestic) immune response?

Answer 73

The serum titer rises to a higher level than during the primary response.