Chapter 12 - MCQ Flashcards
Personality theorists describe qualities which are persistently displayed over time and in various situations as
A) personality disorders.
B) states.
C) lasting qualities.
D) types.
E) traits.
E) traits.
Which of the following statements is true?
A) People with personality disorders show a far more restricted range of traits than do most people.
B) People with personality disorders show a far less restricted range of traits than do most people.
C) People with personality disorders are characterized by their flexibility to adapt to different situations.
D) People with personality disorders are far more dependent on situational contexts than are most people.
E) People with personality disorders are typically characterized by a number of major personality traits.
A) People with personality disorders show a far more restricted range of traits than do most people.
The DSM-5 lists ___________ specific personality disorders which are organized into ___________ broad clusters.
A) 10; 3
B) 8; 2
C) 8; 3
D) 10; 2
E) 15; 5
A) 10; 3
hich of the following matches is incorrect?
A) anxious and fearful cluster : dependent personality disorder
B) anxious and fearful cluster : avoidant personality disorder
C) odd and eccentric cluster : paranoid personality disorder
D) dramatic, emotional, or erratic cluster : antisocial personality disorder
E) odd and eccentric cluster : depressive personality disorder
E) odd and eccentric cluster : depressive personality disorder
What is a psychological autopsy?
A) a medical chart review that is undertaken after someone has died, to determine what psychological disorders they had.
B) a detailed investigation of the state of mind of a person at the time they died.
C) A research method used after someone dies by suicide that involves detailed interviews with people in the life of the person who has died, and with their health care providers.
D) There is no such thing as a psychological autopsy.
E) An investigation of psychological factors that may have contributed to death from a physical disease.
C) A research method used after someone dies by suicide that involves detailed interviews with people in the life of the person who has died, and with their health care providers.
Which of the following is NOT identified as a difficulty in diagnosing personality disorders (PDs)?
A) PD criteria can permit gender biases to influence the assessment process
B) PD symptoms are often not acknowledged by the patient
C) PD symptoms tend to be dormant for long periods of time
D) certain apparently-maladaptive attitudes and behaviours may be appropriate for distinct cultures
E) there is often similarity of symptoms in two or more different PDs
C) PD symptoms tend to be dormant for long periods of time
Diagnosis and therefore estimation of the prevalence of the personality disorders is quite difficult. Study methodologies have been criticized. With this in mind, the highest estimates of PD prevalence suggest that
A) approximately 1% of the population has a personality disorder.
B) approximately 5% of the population has a personality disorder.
C) approximately 15% of the population has a personality disorder.
D) approximately 25% of the population has a personality disorder.
E) approximately 30% of the population has a personality disorder.
C) approximately 15% of the population has a personality disorder.
Which of the following best describes the prevalence rates of personality disorders in outpatients as compared to those in inpatients?
A) They are generally higher among outpatients.
B) They are generally lower among outpatients.
C) They are higher for antisocial personality disorder, but the same for the remaining personality disorders.
D) Outpatients are generally diagnosed with disorders from Cluster A and inpatients with disorders from Cluster B.
E) They are generally the same.
B) They are generally lower among outpatients.
Research shows that ___________ % or more of people with personality disorders never seek treatment for their problems.
A) 60
B) 95
C) 20
D) 40
E) 80
E) 80
Many personality disorders are ___________, which means that the person does not believe they have a problem.
A) egoplatonic
B) egosyntonic
C) egodystonic
D) ego accepted
E) egotonic
B) egosyntonic
Several researchers have suggested that the diagnostic criteria for some personality disorders are
A) culture-biased.
B) neither gender- nor culture-biased.
C) both gender- and culture-biased.
D) age-biased.
E) gender-biased.
C) both gender- and culture-biased.
According to the text, clinicians have been shown to be reluctant to diagnose males as having ___________ personality disorder, while they are sometimes hesitant to diagnose females as having ___________ personality disorder.
A) antisocial; avoidant
B) histrionic; antisocial
C) dependent; paranoid
D) antisocial; histrionic
E) avoidant; antisocial
B) histrionic; antisocial
Research has shown that, on average, ___________ % of the people identified as suffering from borderline personality disorder through structured interviews are women.
A) 80
B) 20
C) 60
D) 100
E) 40
A) 80
Because the term has been traditionally applied to women, the name of ___________ personality disorder was changed to histrionic personality disorder.
A) avoidant
B) neurotic
C) borderline
D) psychotic
E) hysterical
E) hysterical
Despite the research, the Correctional Service of Canada seems reluctant to accept the fact that
A) psychopathy can occur in children.
B) psychopathy can occur in men.
C) psychopathy is a valid diagnosis.
D) psychopathy can occur in women.
E) psychopathy exists at all in the prison population.
D) psychopathy can occur in women.
___________ refers to the co-occurrence in the same person of two or more different disorders, while _______refers to the similarity of symptoms in two or more different disorders.
A) Egosyntonia; ego dystonia
B) Overlap; comorbidity
C) Multiple personality disorder; multiple symptomalogy
D) Egodystonia; egosyntonia
E) Comorbidity; overlap
E) Comorbidity; overlap
One study found that almost ___________ percent of those diagnosed as having borderline personality disorder met the criteria for antisocial personality disorder.
A) About 10
B) About 20
C) About 30
D) About 40
E) About 50
E) About 50
Pinel described what he called manie sans delire, which was the predecessor of what has become known as
A) narcissistic personality disorder.
B) paranoid personality disorder.
C) avoidant personality disorder.
D) dependent personality disorder.
E) antisocial personality disorder.
E) antisocial personality disorder.
Sociologists replaced the term psychopath with sociopath in order to reflect their belief that __________.
A) the social consequences (i.e., impact on others) are of principal importance
B) the disorder is caused by social forces and factors
C) sociological approaches to studying the disorder are necessary
D) the disorder is usually caused by parental socialization practices
E) sociopaths are simply reacting to childhood trauma
B) the disorder is caused by social forces and factors
The term psychopath was replaced with sociopath by __________.
A) psychologists
B) sociologists
C) Pinel
D) psychiatrists
E) Freud
B) sociologists
The most influential book ever published on antisocial personality disorder was The Mask Of Sanity by
A) Pinel.
B) Pritchard.
C) Hare.
D) Ross.
E) Cleckley.
E) Cleckley.
The specific causes of personality disorders were not considered until the development of
A) the psychoanalytic movement.
B) behaviourism.
C) cognitive-behavioural theories.
D) the existentialist movement.
E) attachment theory.
A) the psychoanalytic movement.
Psychoanalysts see personality disorders as resulting from
A) the failure to resolve the Oedipal or Electra complex.
B) disturbances in the parent-child relationship.
C) failure to use adequate defense mechanisms.
D) penis envy (in women only).
E) unsatisfied oral needs during infancy.
B) disturbances in the parent-child relationship.
___________ theory states that children learn how to relate to others by the way in which their parents relate to them.
A) Schema
B) Parental
C) Interpersonal
D) Attachment
E) Individuation
D) Attachment