Midterm 2 practise

Question 1

After getting a bad grade on an exam, Bradly assumes that he will get bad grades on all his future exams. This illustrates the cognitive distortion of

a) all-or-nothing thinking
b) overgeneralization
c) magnification
d) jumping to conclusions
e) disqualifying the positive

Answer 1

b) overgeneralization

Question 2

What is the diathesis in Meehl’s theory of the etiology of schizophrenia?

a) rejecting mothers
b) bullying peers
c) cognitive slippage
d) hypokrisia
e) genetics

Answer 2

d) hypokrisia

Question 3

One criticism of the diagnosis of schizophrenia is . . .

a) there are only two objective tests used in its diagnosis
b) patients often lie about their disorder
c) it relies on subjective reports of patients
d) patients are too dangerous to approach
e) it overlaps with other disorders

Answer 3

c) it relies on subjective reports of patients

Question 4

If psychotic symptoms last for less than 1 month, this is known as ___________, whereas if they last between 1 and 6 months, it is called ___________.

a) schizophreniform disorder, schizoaffective disorder
b) schizophreniform disorder, brief psychotic disorder
c) schizoaffective disorder, schizophreniform disorder
d) brief psychotic disorder, schizoaffective disorder
e) brief psychotic disorder, schizophreniform disorder

Answer 4

e) brief psychotic disorder, schizophreniform disorder

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a type of delusion commonly experienced by schizophrenic patients?

a) sensory
b) persecutory
c) grandiose
d) referrential
e) somatic

Answer 5

a) sensory

Question 6

Which of the following perspectives is currently most popular for explaining the etiology of schizophrenia?

a) diathesis-stress
b) social drift
c) psychodynamic
d) behavioural
e) biological

Answer 6

a) diathesis-stress

Question 7

The textbook indicates that the common pathway to schizophrenia involves

a) damage to the brain
b) trauma in childhood
c) genetic predisposition
d) the dopamine system
e) learned behaviour

Answer 7

d) the dopamine system

Question 8

Potential markers being researched for schizophrenia diagnosis include _________ and _________

a) hallucinations; delusions
b) positive symptoms; negative symptoms
c) eye tracking; continuous performance tests
d) genetics; environment
e) diathesis; stress

Answer 8

c) eye tracking; continuous performance tests

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a common cognitive deficit in schizophrenic patients?

a) working memory
b) processing speed
c) attention
d) regulation
e) learning

Answer 9

e) learning

Question 10

The brain changes seen in schizophrenia include changes in all of the following areas EXCEPT

a) hippocampus
b) amygdala
c) brain stem
d) temporal lobe
e) prefrontal cortex

Answer 10

c) brain stem

Question 11

The least common of the positive symptoms of schizophrenia is

a) disorganized speech
b) hallucinations
c) delusions
d) psychosis
e) impulsivity

Answer 11

a) disorganized speech

Question 12

Which of the following correctly matches the perspective to the theory?

a) diathesis-stress; social drift
b) psychodynamic; collective unconscious
c) biological; schizophrenogenic
d) behavioural; hypokrisia
e) cognitive: social drift

Answer 12

c) biological; schizophrenogenic

Question 13

“If both parents of a child have schizophrenia, then the child will have schizophrenia.”

a) yes because schizophrenia is passed on genetically
b) yes because these parents will traumatize their child
c) yes because social drift causes schizophrenia
d) no because stress is needed to exacerbate this vulnerability
e) no because schizophrenia is caused by brain damage that happens after birth

Answer 13

d) no because stress is needed to exacerbate this vulnerability

Question 14

Which of these is NOT part of Meehl’s theory?

a) diathesis
b) schizogenic
c) hypokrisia
d) cogntiive slippage
e) aversive drift

Answer 14

b) schizogenic

Question 15

When evaluating a patient, a clinician notices mania in addition to psychotic symptoms. This might indicate a diagnosis of

a) depression
b) bipolar
c) schizophreniform
d) schizoaffective
e) brief psychotic disorder

Answer 15

d) schizoaffective

Question 16

The current accepted treatment for schizophrenia consists of __________, ideally given before the _________ phase.

a) medicines: first psychotic
b) medicines; premorbid
c) social support; first psychotic
d) therapy; prodromal
e) therapy; premorbid

Answer 16

a) medicines: first psychotic

Question 17

Which of the following is a common antipsychotic medicine?

a) sertraline
b) olanzapine
c) lamotrigine
d) diazepam
e) methylphenidate

Answer 17

b) olanzapine

Question 18

Modern treatment for schizophrenia involves all of the following EXCEPT

a) cognitive-behavioural therapy
b) social skills training
c) family therapy
d) early intervention
e) addressing sleep dysfunctions

Answer 18

e) addressing sleep dysfunctions

Question 19

What are the three components of “mood”?

a) preference, interest, and decision
b) affective, cognitive, and behavioural
c) positive, negative, and neutral
d) biological, cognitive, and psychodynamic
e) attention, repetition, association

Answer 19

b) affective, cognitive, and behavioural

Question 20

All of the following are specifiers for depression EXCEPT

a) peripartum onset
b) seasonal pattern
c) with psychotic symptoms
d) with anxious symptoms
e) persistent

Answer 20

e) persistent
[PDD is a separate disorder, not a specifier]

Question 21

A ___________ theory of depression proposes that people develop ____________ that make them more vulnerable to depression.

a) psychodynamic; diathesis
b) biological; genetics
c) cognitive; learned behaviours
d) psychodynamic; personality traits
e) interactionist; genetics

Answer 21

d) psychodynamic; personality traits

Question 22

When assessing a client for depression, one needs to

a) indicate a specifier if there has been a manic or hypomanic episode
b) make a different diagnosis if there has been a manic or hypomanic episode
c) exclude mania or hypomania
d) take episodes of mania or hypomania into consideration
e) not look at any episodes of mania or hypomania

Answer 22

c) exclude mania or hypomania

Question 23

According to the text, a family history of a mood disorder

a) does not guarantee the presence of disorder
b) guarantees the presence of disorder
c) has no effect on the presence of disorder
d) is not taken into consideration during diagnosis
e) has to do more with the client’s childhood trauma than their genetics

Answer 23

a) does not guarantee the presence of disorder

Question 24

A genetic vulnerability likely

a) is more important in depression than in bipolar
d) is more important than trauma or stressful life events
c) is less important than trauma or stressful life events
d) needs to be expressed as a vulnerable personality or cognitive trait and triggered by stress in the environment in order for depression to develop
e) is more important in depression than in schizophrenia

Answer 24

c) needs to be expressed as a vulnerable personality or cognitive trait and triggered by stress in the environment

Question 25

Persistent depressive disorder includes depressive symptoms that last at least __________ a) one month b) six months c) one year d) two years e) five years

Answer 25

d) two years

Question 26

All of the following are symptoms of mania EXCEPT a) impulsivity b) distractibility c) flight of ideas d) talkativeness e) quick muscle movements

Answer 26

e) quick muscle movements

Question 27

A hypomanic episode is one that is _________ compared to mania and lasts _________ . a) more severe; one month b) less severe; one month a) more severe; one week b) more severe: four days e) less severe; four days

Answer 27

e) less severe; four days

Question 28

Cyclothymia and Bipolar II are a) similar because they both include hypomanic episodes b) different because one includes manic episodes while the other includes hypomanic episodes c) similar because they both include a major depressive episode d) different because one includes a major depressive episode while the other doesn't require any depression e) similar because they both include manic episodes

Answer 28

a) similar because they both include hypomanic episodes

Question 29

In Bipolar I, a __________ episode is _________ but not _________ . a) manic; common; required b) depressive; common; required c) hypomanic; required; common d) hypomanic; common; required e) manic; required; common

Answer 29

b) depressive; common; required

Question 30

All of the following are possible specifiers for a bipolar disorder EXCEPT a) melancholic features b) anxious features c) slow cycling d) mood-congruent psychotic features e) mood-incongruent psychotic features

Answer 30

c) slow cycling

Question 31

Major depression with peripartum onset as a prevalence of a) 0.5% b) 1% c) 5% d) 10% e) 20%

Answer 31

d) 10%

Question 32

A(n) ________ with ________ might experience ________ . a) adult; schizophrenia; depression b) child; schizophrenia; depression c) adult; schizophrenia; mania d) adult; disruptive mood dysfunction; irritability e) child; disruptive mood dysfunction; irritability

Answer 32

e) child; disruptive mood dysfunction; irritability

Question 33

All of the following might be required for a DSM diagnosis of a mental disorder EXCEPT a) causes distress b) causes dysfunction c) excludes drug usage d) not better explained by another disorder e) not caused by physical injury

Answer 33

e) not caused by physical injury

Question 34

Two personality traits that might increase vulnerability to depression include __________ and __________ . a) helplessness; unreasonableness b) dependent; self-critical c) abuse; neglect d) diathesis; stress e) neuroticism; anxiety

Answer 34

b) dependent; self-critical

Question 35

The evolutionary perspective suggests that mood disorders have evolved because a) depressed people will isolate themselves and not harm the larger group b) this causes people to avoid social risk c) this reduces the risk of the person harming themselves d) this increases cooperation e) it reduces risk-taking

Answer 35

b) this causes people to avoid social risk

Question 36

The cognitive triad includes negative thoughts about a) self, world, and future b) friends, family, and work c) finances, career, and future d) relationships, health, and worth e) self, partner, and home

Answer 36

a) self, world, and future

Question 37

Which of the following are part of the interpersonal model of the etiology of mood disorders? a) negative feedback seeking b) stress generation c) cognitive distortion d) all of the above e) a and b only

Answer 37

e) a and b only

Question 38

Which of the following is part of the life stress perspective of the etiology of mood disorders? a) downward spiral b) attachment c) excessive reassurance d) cognitive distortion e) learned behaviours

Answer 38

a) downward spiral

Question 39

Biological theories propose that ________ is involved in ________ . a) GABA; anxiety b) GABA; depression c) GABA; schizophrenia d) dopamine; anxiety e) serotonin; schizophrenia

Answer 39

a) GABA; anxiety

Question 40

State the correct order that hormones are released on the HPA axis. a) cortisol ⟶ CRH ⟶ ACTH b) cortisol ⟶ ACTH ⟶ CRH c) CRH ⟶ ACTH ⟶ cortisol d) CRH ⟶ cortisol ⟶ ACTH e) ACTH ⟶ CRH ⟶ cortisol

Answer 40

c) CRH ⟶ ACTH ⟶ cortisol

Question 41

All of the following might be involved in the etiology of mood disorders EXCEPT a) frontal lobe b) personality characteristics c) genetic predisposition d) fear circuit e) sleep

Answer 41

d) fear circuit

Question 42

________ is a medicine that treats ________ . a) sertraline; schizophrenia b) lithium; bipolar c) sertraline; bipolar d) lithium; schizophrenia c) olanzapine; bipolar

Answer 42

b) lithium; bipolar

Question 43

All of the following are good therapies for bipolar disorder EXCEPT a) family-focussed therapy b) interpersonal therapy c) cognitive therapy d) cognitive-behavioural therapy e) skills training

Answer 43

e) skills training

Question 44

Which of these is a therapy for seasonal affective disorder? a) medicine b) therapy c) skills training d) light e) shock therapy

Answer 44

d) light

Question 45

Put the steps of suicide in the correct order. a) ideation ⟶ gestures ⟶ attempt b) gestures ⟶ ideation ⟶ attempt c) ideation ⟶ attempt ⟶ gestures d) gestures ⟶ attempt ⟶ ideation e) attempt ⟶ ideation ⟶ gestures

Answer 45

a) ideation ⟶ gestures ⟶ attempt

Question 46

Which of the following is associated with psychological theories of suicide? a) burdensomeness b) dependency c) assurance d) a and b only e) a and c only

Answer 46

a) burdensomeness

Question 47

All of the following are used to prevent suicide EXCEPT a) reduce risk factors b) address multiple levels c) integrate research d) community hotlines e) antidepressants

Answer 47

e) antidepressants

Question 48

All of the following are eating disorders EXCEPT a) anorexia nervosa b) impulsive feeding disorder c) bulimia nervosa d) binge-eating disorder e) avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder

Answer 48

b) impulsive feeding disorder

Question 49

Of the following disorders, which one has the highest mortality rate? a) mood disorders b) anxiety disorders c) eating disorders d) psychotic disorders e) personality disorders

Answer 49

c) eating disorders

Question 50

______________ is described as a(n) ______________ of energy intake. a) bulimia; restriction b) binge eating; restriction c) anorexia; out of control d) anorexia; restriction e) body dysmorphia; restriction

Answer 50

d) anorexia; restriction

Question 51

How are anorexia and avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder similar and/or different? a) anorexia involves a disturbance of body image, whereas avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder does not b) avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder involves a disturbance of body image, whereas anorexia does not c) they both involve a disturbance of body image d) neither of them involves a disturbance of body image e) something else

Answer 51

a) anorexia involves a disturbance of body image, whereas avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder does not

Question 52

Disturbance in body image has three components. Which are they? a) perceptual, cognitive, and behavioural b) cognitive, behavioural, and affective c) self, world, and future d) cognitive, behavioural, and biological e) perceptual, cognitive, and affective

Answer 52

e) perceptual, cognitive, and affective

Question 53

Circle all the options that might be symptoms of anorexia nervosa. a) insomnia b) mood swings c) impulsivity d) lanugo e) amenorrhea

Answer 53

a) insomnia; d) lanugo; e) amenorrhea

Question 54

All of the following might be involved in the etiology of anorexia EXCEPT a) amygdala b) norepinephrine c) hippocampus d) dopamine e) parietal area

Answer 54

b) norepinephrine

Question 55

Bulimia can be defined as a) episodes of energy restriction followed by episodes of binge eating b) dysfunction ideas about body shape c) avoidance of food d) episodes of binge eating with compensatory behaviours to prevent weight gain e) uncontrolled intake of food

Answer 55

d) episodes of binge eating with compensatory behaviours to prevent weight gain