Chapter 12 Vocabulary

Question 1

Monomer of nucleus acids makeup of a 5 carbon sugar, phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

Answer 1

Nucleotide

Question 2

Virus that infects bacteria

Answer 2

Bacteriophage

Question 3

Principle that bonds in DNA can form only between adorning and thymine and between guanine and cytosine

Answer 3

Base pairing

Question 4

Granular material visible within the nucleus; consists of DNA tightly coiled around proteins

Answer 4

Chromatin

Question 5

Globular protein molecule around which DNA is tightly coiled in chromatin

Answer 5

Histone

Question 6

Copying process by which a cell duplicates its DNA

Answer 6

Replication

Question 7

Enzyme that “proof reads” new DNA strands, helping to ensure that each molecule is a newest perfect copy of the original DNA

Answer 7

DNA Polymerase

Question 8

Sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait

Answer 8

Gene

Question 9

RNA molecule that carries copies of instructions for the assembly of amino acids into proteins from DNA to the rest of the cell

Answer 9

Messenger RNA

Question 10

Type of RNA that makes up the major part of ribosomes

Answer 10

Ribosomal RNA

Question 11

Type of RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis

Answer 11

Transfer RNA

Question 12

Process when part of the nucleotide sequence of DNA is coped into a complementary sequence in RNA

Answer 12

Transcription

Question 13

Enzyme that is like DNA polymerase that binds to DNA and separates the DNA strands during transcription

Answer 13

RNA polymerase

Question 14

Region of DNA that indicates to an enzyme where to bind to make RNA

Answer 14

Promoter

Question 15

Intervening sequence of DNA; does not code for a protein

Answer 15

Intron

Question 16

Expressed sequence of DNA; codes for a protein

Answer 16

Exon

Question 17

Three nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a single amino acid

Answer 17

Codon

Question 18

Decoding of a mRNA message into a poly peptide chain

Answer 18

Translation

Question 19

Group of three bases on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to an mRNA codon

Answer 19

Anti codon

Question 20

Change in a DNA sequence that affects genetic info

Answer 20

Mutation

Question 21

Mutation that affects a single nucleotide, usually by substituting one nucleotide for another

Answer 21

Point mutation

Question 22

Mutation that shifts the reading frame of the genetic message by inserting or deleting a nucleotide

Answer 22

Frameshift mutation

Question 23

Condition in which an organism has an extra set of chromosomes

Answer 23

Polyploidy

Question 24

Genes operating together

Answer 24

Operon

Question 25

Region of chromosomes in a operon to which the repressor binds with the operon is turned off

Answer 25

Operator

Question 26

Process in which cells become specialized in structure and function

Answer 26

Differentiation

Question 27

Series of genes that control the organs and tissues a developing various parts of the embryo

Answer 27

Hox Gene

Question 28

Process when one strand of bacteria is changed by a gene of genes from another strand of bacteria

Answer 28

Transformation