Chapter 7 Vocabulary

Question 1

The middle of an atom that has neutrons and protons in it; when it is in cells, it contains the DNA and takes over the activities that it performs

Answer 1

Nucleus

Question 2

Unicellular organism that does not have a nucleus

Answer 2

Prokaryote

Question 3

The concept that all living organisms are made up of cells, cells are the simple units of structure and function in living organisms, and that new cells are created from cells that are already existing

Answer 3

Cell theory

Question 4

An explanation that was tested multiple times to explain a wide range of observations

Answer 4

Theory

Question 5

An organism that has a nucleus

Answer 5

Eukaryote

Question 6

A complex structure that allows important cellular functions in a eukaryotic cell

Answer 6

Organelle

Question 7

A covering of two membranes that border is cells nucleus

Answer 7

Nuclear envelope

Question 8

Granular material that is able to be seen in the nucleus; contains DNA tightly wrapped around proteins

Answer 8

Chromatin

Question 9

Little compacted area within a lot of nuclei in which the accumulation of protein stocks

Answer 9

Nucleolus

Question 10

Internal membrane system that is in cells when lipid components of the cell membrane is made and a few proteins are changed or corrected

Answer 10

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 11

Pile of membranes in the cell that changes or corrects, arranges, and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 11

Golgi apparatus

Question 12

Cell organelle filled with enzymes that are necessary to break down specific materials in the cell

Answer 12

Lysosome

Question 13

Cell organelle that changes the chemical energy kept in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use

Answer 13

Mitochondrion

Question 14

Network of protein filaments in a few cells that helps the cell stay in shape and is involved in many forms of cell activity

Answer 14

Cytoskeleton

Question 15

Material on the inside of the cell membrane –not including the center of an atom

Answer 15

Cytoplasm

Question 16

A very thin structure in the center of an atom, that consist of genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next

Answer 16

Chromosome

Question 17

Little particle in the cell in which proteins are put together; made of RNA and protein

Answer 17

Ribosome

Question 18

Cell organelle that holds materials like water, salt, proteins, and carbohydrates

Answer 18

Vacuole

Question 19

Organelle located in cells of plants and some other living things that catch the energy from sunlight and transform it into chemical energy

Answer 19

Chloroplast

Question 20

One or two little structures that are found in the cytoplasm of animal cells close to the nuclear envelope

Answer 20

Centriole

Question 21

Skinny, bendable surroundment of a cell; regulates what goes into and exits the cell

Answer 21

Cell membrane

Question 22

Supportive covering around the cell membrane that is located in plants, algae, and some bacteria

Answer 22

Cell wall

Question 23

Double covering sheet that creates the center of close to all cell membranes

Answer 23

Lipid bilayer

Question 24

The mass of the solute in a given volume of solution, or mass/volume

Answer 24

Concentration

Question 25

The process when molecules usually move from a spot where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated

Answer 25

Diffusion

Question 26

When the concentration of the solute is equal throughout the whole solution

Answer 26

Equilibrium

Question 27

Diffusion of H2O through a selectively permeable membrane

Answer 27

Osmosis

Question 28

When the concentration of two solutions are identical

Answer 28

Isotonic

Question 29

When comparing two solutions, the solution with the most concentration of solutes

Answer 29

Hypertonic

Question 30

When comparing two solutions, the solution with the smaller concentration of solutes

Answer 30

Hypotonic

Question 31

Process when extensions of cytoplasm borders and engulfs big particles and take them into a cell

Answer 31

Phagocytosis

Question 32

Process when a cell lets go of a big amount of material

Answer 32

Exocytosis

Question 33

Different role for each type of cell in multicellular organisms

Answer 33

Cell specialization

Question 34

Assembly of like cells that makes a particular function

Answer 34

Tissue

Question 35

Assembly of tissues that work together to make related functions

Answer 35

Organ

Question 36

Assembly of organs that work together to make a specific function yes

Answer 36

Organ system

Question 37

Gathering of live matter surrounded by a blocking that separates the cell from what is around it; the simple unit of all life forms

Answer 37

Cell

Question 38

Moves with a concentration gradient and is carried by a protein though a channel

Answer 38

Facilitated diffusion

Question 39

Taking material into the cell by unfolding or pockets of the cell membrane, as a result that breaks away from the membrane and forms a vacuole

Answer 39

Endocytosis

Question 40

Goes against the concentration gradient and requires energy

Answer 40

Active transport

Question 41

Add liquid in tiny pockets then pinched off

Answer 41

Pinocytosis

Question 42

Inner membrane folds a creates larger surface area

Answer 42

Cristae

Question 43

Prokaryotic ancestors of the organ out eve off a symbiotic relationship with the eukaryote-involves prokaryote; parking area becomes part of eukaryotic cell

Answer 43

Endosymbiotic theory

Question 44

Stack to grana to trap sunlight

Answer 44

Thylakoids

Question 45

difference in concentration of a substance across space

Answer 45

Concentration gradient

Question 46

How do you organic substances enter the cell?

Answer 46

Active transport