Chapter 16 Vocabulary

Question 1

Combined genetic information of all the members of a particular population

Answer 1

Gene pool

Question 2

Number of times an allele occurs in a gene pool compared with the number of times other alleles occur

Answer 2

Relative frequency

Question 3

Trait controlled by a single gene

Answer 3

Single gene trait

Question 4

Trait controlled by two or more genes

Answer 4

Polygenic trait

Question 5

Form of a natural selection in which the entire curve moves; occurs when individuals at one end of a distribution curve gave higher fitness than individuals in the middle or at the other end of the curve

Answer 5

Directional selection

Question 6

Form natural selection by which the center of the curve remains in its current position; occurs when individuals near the center of a distribution curve have higher fitness than individuals at either end

Answer 6

Stabilizing selection

Question 7

Form of natural selection in which a single curve splits into two; occurs when individuals at the upper and lower end of the distribution curve have higher fitness than individuals near the middle

Answer 7

Disruptive selection

Question 8

Random change in Allele frequencies that occur in small populations

Answer 8

Genetic drift

Question 9

Change in allele frequencies as a result of the migration of a small subgroup of a population

Answer 9

Founder effect

Question 10

Principle that allele frequencies in a population will remain constant unless one or more factors cause the frequencies to change

Answer 10

Hardy Weinberg principle

Question 11

Formation of new species

Answer 11

Speciation

Question 12

Separation of species or population so that they cannot interbreed and produce fertile offspring

Answer 12

Reproductive isolation

Question 13

Form of reproductive isolation in which two populations have difference in courtship rituals or other types of behavior that prevent them from interbreeding

Answer 13

Behavioral isolation

Question 14

Form of reproductive isolation in whichtwo populations are separated physically by geographic barriers such as rivers, mountains, or stretches of water

Answer 14

Geographic isolation

Question 15

Form of reproductive isolation in which two populations reproduce at different times

Answer 15

Temporal isolation

Question 16

Situation in which allele frequencies remain constant

Answer 16

Genetic equilibrium