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Life Science 7 > Chapter 12.2 > Flashcards

Chapter 12.2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the term for the large main roots that go deep into the ground and have a secondary horizontal root system branching off the main root?

A

Taproot

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2
Q

What type of root is similar to the fibrous root system of herbaceous plants?

A

Spreading roots

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3
Q

What are the three main functions of a tree’s roots?

A
  1. Absorb water and minerals
  2. Anchor the tree firmly in soil
  3. Store food
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4
Q

What type of roots grow from a plant’s stem, branches, leaves, or mature woody roots?

A

Adventitious roots

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5
Q

What is the main stem of a tree?

A

Trunk

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6
Q

What is the rough outer covering of the tree?

A

Bark

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7
Q

What is the ring of growth cells that separates the bark layers from the woody tissues of a tree trunk?

A

Vascular cambium

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8
Q

What is the growth of a tree stem in diameter?

A

Secondary growth

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9
Q

What is the main tissue of a trunk?

A

Wood

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10
Q

What is the term for the layers of wood produced by the vascular cambium?

A

Annual growth rings

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11
Q

What is the central core of a young woody stem?

A

Pith

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12
Q

What is the hard, inactive dead wood that darkens the wood?

A

Heartwood

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13
Q

What is the functioning wood that surrounds the dead heartwood?

A

Sapwood

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14
Q

What is the study of using tree rings from living trees or old lumber to reveal past events and determine a tree’s age?

A

Dendrochronology

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15
Q

What are the smaller divisions of the stem of a tree?

A

Branches

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16
Q

What are the structures on the end and sides of twigs that allow the stem to grow in length and produce new branches, flowers, and leaves?

A

Buds

17
Q

What is the name for the buds found at the end of the twig that allow the stem to grow in length?

A

Terminal bud

18
Q

What is the growth in length called?

A

Primary growth

19
Q

What are the buds on the side of the twig that allow stems to produce new branches?

A

Lateral buds

20
Q

What is the place on the stem that leaves grow out of?

A

Node

21
Q

What are the small pores that allow air to enter the stem and provide for respiration?

A

Lenticels

22
Q

What are the two types of leaves that can be found on a tree?

A

Sun leaves and shade leaves

23
Q

What is the waxy, protective layer on the leaf that encourages water retention?

A

Cuticle

24
Q

What type of leaves are found at the bottom of the tree and are larger and thinner?

A

Shade leaves

25
Q

What type of leaves are found at the top of the tree and are thicker and smaller?

A

Sun leaves

26
Q

What is the layer of cells that forms at the base of the petiole to sever the leaf from the branch?

A

Abscission layer

27
Q

What is the only thing that remains on a tree when the leaf falls off?

A

Leaf scar

28
Q

What are the scattered trees of the desert?

A

Cacti

Life Science 7 (20 decks)

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