Chapter 8

Question 1

What are animals that regulate their blood temperature by external means?

Answer 1

Cold-blooded

Question 2

What group of fish has webbed rays attached to the body by a lobe (a single bone surrounded by muscle)?

Answer 2

Lobe-finned fish

Question 3

What are overlapping bony plates that protrude from the fish’s skin?

Answer 3

Scales

Question 4

What are the w-shaped bands of muscle in a fish?

Answer 4

Myomeres

Question 5

What is the hard, movable plate that protects and covers all the delicate gill structures?

Answer 5

Operculum

Question 6

What is the fish that can best survive on land (for up to three days)?

Answer 6

Mudskipper

Question 7

What is the system of nerve endings that extend over the fish’s head and sides and allow for sensing vibration and pressure changes?

Answer 7

Lateral line

Question 8

What is the process of fish reproduction in which the female lays large quantities of eggs in the water?

Answer 8

Spawning

Question 9

What is the scientific term for fish eggs?

Answer 9

Roe

Question 10

What is the fluid released by a male fish onto the roe?

Answer 10

Milt

Question 11

What is the term for fish that give birth to live young?

Answer 11

Livebearers

Question 12

What is the large, gas-filled organ that allows the fish to stay suspended in any depth of water?

Answer 12

Swim bladder

Question 13

What is the term for the current generating cells inside the electric organ of electric fish?

Answer 13

Electrocytes

Question 14

What is the light producing organ in certain fish?

Answer 14

Photophore

Question 15

What are the two classes of cartilaginous fish?

Answer 15

Chondrichthyes and Cyclostomata

Question 16

What are the placoid scales that cover sharks and make them feel like sandpaper?

Answer 16

Denticles

Question 17

What are the paired holes for inhalation behind the eyes of sharks?

Answer 17

Spiracles

Question 18

What is the protective case in which sharks lay their eggs called?

Answer 18

Mermaid’s purse

Question 19

What is the largest carnivorous fish?

Answer 19

Great white shark

Question 20

What is the unusual looking shark?

Answer 20

Hammerhead shark

Question 21

What shark is the only known shark that comes to the surface to gulp air?

Answer 21

Sand tiger shark

Question 22

What is the largest known fish?

Answer 22

Whale shark

Question 23

What is the category of cartilaginous fish with flattened bodies?

Answer 23

Rays (also called batoids)

Question 24

What is the group of cartilaginous fish that has two dorsal fins near the tip of the tail and lays eggs?

Answer 24

Skates

Question 25

What type of cartilaginous fish has an unusual nose?

Answer 25

Sawfish

Question 26

What is the name of a sawfish's unusual nose?

Answer 26

Rostrum

Question 27

What is the group of fish that has only one gill opening that is covered by an operculum?

Answer 27

Chimaera

Question 28

What is the cartilaginous fish with pore-like gill openings?

Answer 28

Hagfish

Question 29

Hagfish have pores along the side of their bodies that excrete proteins produced by what glands?

Answer 29

Slime glands

Question 30

What is the protective layer inside reptile eggs?

Answer 30

Amnion

Question 31

What is the most numerous group of reptiles?

Answer 31

Lizards

Question 32

What is the name of the color changing cells that give lizards the ability to change color?

Answer 32

Chromatophores

Question 33

What is the term that means to grow back?

Answer 33

Regenerates

Question 34

What is the largest of all living lizards?

Answer 34

Komodo dragon

Question 35

What are small, flat-bodied lizards with adhesive toe pads?

Answer 35

Geckos

Question 36

What is the immovable, transparent eye covering that geckos have instead of eyelids?

Answer 36

Spectacle

Question 37

What type of lizards have ornamental crests, frills, and throat fans?

Answer 37

Iguanids

Question 38

What is the term for throat fans that iguanids have?

Answer 38

Dewlaps

Question 39

What is the snake movement that looks like an accordion?

Answer 39

Concertina movement

Question 40

What is the snake movement commonly used on sandy ground with only two or three points of contact?

Answer 40

Sidewinding movement

Question 41

What is special about the jaws of snakes?

Answer 41

They are double-hinged.

Question 42

What type of snake venom affects the circulatory system by causing the red blood cells to burst?

Answer 42

Hemotoxic venom

Question 43

What is medicine designed to counteract snake venom?

Answer 43

Antivenin

Question 44

What venomous snakes have immovable fangs?

Answer 44

Elapids

Question 45

What are the best-known elapids?

Answer 45

Cobras

Question 46

The most common North and South American elapids are in which family?

Answer 46

Coral snakes

Question 47

What is the saying to distinguish between scarlet king snakes and coral snakes?

Answer 47

Red on yellow, kill a fellow; red on black, venom lack.

Question 48

What venomous snake family has fangs that fold back along the roof of their mouths?

Answer 48

Viper family

Question 49

What organ has a membrane that can detect minute temperature changes?

Answer 49

Pit organ

Question 50

What are slow-moving snakes that coil around prey and squeeze?

Answer 50

Constrictors

Question 51

What is the largest snake in the world?

Answer 51

Giant anaconda

Question 52

What is the largest group of snakes?

Answer 52

Colubrids

Question 53

What are the world's smallest snakes?

Answer 53

Blind snakes

Question 54

What is the lower part of a turtle's shell?

Answer 54

Plastron

Question 55

What is the upper part of a turtle's shell?

Answer 55

Carapace

Question 56

What are the individual squares of a turtle's shell?

Answer 56

Scutes

Question 57

What is the largest living turtle?

Answer 57

Leatherback turtles

Question 58

What are common freshwater turtles found throughout the Americas?

Answer 58

Snapping turtles

Question 59

What are turtles that only live on land?

Answer 59

Tortoises

Question 60

What are the longest living land animals?

Answer 60

Tortoises

Question 61

What are the largest living reptiles?

Answer 61

Crocodilians

Question 62

What are some of the only reptiles that care for their young during incubation and after birth?

Answer 62

Crocodilians

Question 63

What reptile, whose name means "peaks on back", has a parietal eye on top of its skull?

Answer 63

Tuatara

Question 64

What are the carnivorous dinosaurs that walked on two legs, such as the T. rex?

Answer 64

Theropods

Question 65

What are large herbivorous dinosaurs include the Brachiosaurus and Apatosaurus?

Answer 65

Sauropods

Question 66

What dinosaurs look like giant horned lizards with bony plates in their eyelids and round, bony clubs at the ends of their tails?

Answer 66

Ankylosaurs

Question 67

What dinosaurs had bony, dome-shaped heads?

Answer 67

Pachycephalosaurs

Question 68

What dinosaurs had a body design similar to modern bats?

Answer 68

Pterosaurs

Question 69

What were giant dinosaurs of the sea with paddle-shaped feet and legs?

Answer 69

Plesiosaurs

Question 70

What is an extinct dinosaur similar to a dolphin?

Answer 70

Ichthyosaurus

Question 71

What are animals with four limbs?

Answer 71

Tetrapods

Question 72

How are salamanders divided into their three categories?

Answer 72

Reproduction

Question 73

What is the type of dormancy that allows sirens to survive by periods of drought by protecting them from drying out?

Answer 73

Estivation

Question 74

What is the term for toads and frogs as a group?

Answer 74

Anurans

Question 75

What is the term for the larvae of frogs and toads?

Answer 75

Tadpoles

Question 76

What are long-bodied, limbless amphibians?

Answer 76

Caecilians

Question 77

What is the process through which mother caecilians grow a fatty layer of skin for her young to eat?

Answer 77

Dermatophagy