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Pre-pharmacology > Chapter 12b (cardiovascular drugs) > Flashcards

Chapter 12b (cardiovascular drugs) Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

HTN drug summary

A

RASi, CCBs, thiazide-like diuretics (step 2); B-blockers and combinations (step 3); big vasodilators (step 4)

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2
Q

CAD (angina) drug summary

A

nitrates, B-blockers, CCBs; platelet inhibitors, and lipid-lowering agents (statins, etc.)

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3
Q

HF drug summary

A

loop diuretics, specific B-blockers (carvedilol), vasodilators like RASi, and sometimes big vasodilators like hydralazine and NTG, aldosterone antagonists, and digoxin

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4
Q

dysrhythmia drug summary

A

B-blockers, CCBs, and digoxin to slow HR, and atropine to increase HR

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5
Q

spironolactone

A

aldosterone antagonist; treats HF

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6
Q

angina

A

from plaque build up in arteries to heart; treated with NTG, B blockers, and CCBs

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7
Q

c.p.

A

chest pain (from angina)

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8
Q

NTG

A

nitroglycerin; potent vasodilator. Administered sublingua, topical cream, long-acting capsules, or IV

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9
Q

after heart attack, people are still at risk from…

A

abnormal heart rhythms that persist for days after heart attack

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10
Q

nitrates

A

cause vasodilation to allow more blood and oxygen to get to the heart; includes NTG and Isordil

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11
Q

Nitrostat

A

emergency NTG; sublingual

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12
Q

Isordil

A

isosorbide dinitrate; longer acting NTG preperation

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13
Q

BiDil

A

isosorbide dinitrate and hydralazine combination; race-based Rx drug or African American use as potent vasodilator combination

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14
Q

hydralazine

A

potent vasodilator; used for angina

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15
Q

B blockers

A

angina/MI: lower HR which reduces heart’s need for oxygen (used more so when there are other CV comorbities otherwise CCB is used)
Also treat dysrhythmias (slow HR and stabilize twitchy areas of myocardium), migraines, some CHF, and HTN
*decrease fear and anxiety (used to treat PTSD)
*but can worsen depression

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16
Q

Inderal

A

propranolol; first B blocker, non-selective

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17
Q

Tenormin

A

atenolol; B1 selective blocker

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18
Q

Lopressor

A

metoprolol; B1 selective blocker

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19
Q

Coreg

A

carvedilol; non-selective adrenergic blocker used for CHF specifically to help heart pump more efficiently

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20
Q

selective B1 blockers action on heart

A

negative chronotropic and inotropic effect

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21
Q

CCBs

A

angina/MI: decrease BP, decrease HR, and increase coronary blood flow to increase O2 to heart
Dilate blood vessles systemically
Also treats HTN, certain dysrhythmias (slow HR and suppress aberrant activity), and migraines
Low side effects

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22
Q

Calan

Study These Flashcards
A

verapamil; CCB

23
Q

amlodipine

24
Q

Procardia

Study These Flashcards
A

nifedipine; CCB

25
Lanoxin
digoxin; most common cardiac glycoside; prevents calcium moving ATPase so more calcium stays in heart muscle cells readily available to increase contraction strength of heart, very low TI Backup therapy for those not responding to diuretic, ACEi/ARB, or carvedilol No effect on quantity of life, but improves quality Has negative chronotropic effect, but positive inotropic effect Very similar to digitoxin, but has different form of elimination
26
ACE-I
ace-inhibitors; certain ones used to increase survival of pts. after MI (Capoten; Vasotec)
27
Capoten
captopril; ACE-I used to increase pt. survival post MI
28
Vasotec
enalapil; ACE-I used to increase pt. survival post MI
29
prophylactic ASA therapy
only not recommended for those with previous MI or stroke, and full 325 mg tablet is often recommended (not 81 mg baby ASA)
30
anticoagulants and thrombolytics during MI
used to 'bust' clot in coronary artery
31
post MI treatments
give platelet inhibitors and lipid lowering agents used in combo with B blockers, CCBs, and nitrates RASi when given within 24 hours of MI increases survival rates (lisinopril, losartan, irbesartan, valsartan)
32
HF treatments steps
1. manage BP, blood sugar, lipids, and thyroid 2. B blockers and ACEi/ARBs 3. increase cardiac drug use and use diuretics 4. previous therapy and digoxin
33
epinepherine
positive chronotropic and inotropic effect on heart
34
atropine
prototype anticholingergic drug; increases HR
35
lipid disorder treatment
dietary control, increase exercise, decrease alcohol intake, and decreasing smoking is step 1 Step 2: HMG Co-A reductase inhibitors (statins)
36
statins
HMG Co-A reductase inhibitors; enzyme that produces cholesterol. Blocking this lowers LDL and increases HDL Good side effect profile; but must watch liver and muscle function
37
Lipitor
atorvastatin; statin
38
Zocor
simvastatin; statin
39
Bile acid sequestrants
bile-acid binding resins; bind fat in gut before they can be absorbed to lower body lipids "inert" because it is neither digested or absorbed, it just binds things in gut then comes out the other end
40
Questran
cholestyramine; bile acid sequestrant
41
oatmeal
similar action to bile acid sequestrants
42
Omega-3 fatty acids
found in fish mostly; lower blood cholesterol levels, raise HDL levels, and are mild anticoagulants
43
Niaspan
niacin time release; raises HDL and lowers LDL and triglycerides Lowers risk of MI When used with bile-acid binding resins or a statin, this can slow down plaque build up in arteries
44
vitamin B3
niacin
45
other lipid-lowering drug classes
fibrates, sterol absorption inhibitors, monoclonal Ab inhibitors PCSK9, and new MTP inhibitors
46
CV drugs with significant vasodilator properties
NTG, diuretics, L-type CCBs, ACEi, ARBs, and niacin
47
ASA for heart emergencies
chew two stat if feel heart attack coming on
48
Plavix
clopidogrel; big selling, high cost drug that inhibits platelets and helps prevent stroke and recurrent MI
49
NTG admin methods
sL as Nitrostat; NTG topical paste; transdermally as Transderm-Nitro, etc.
50
dopamine
sympathetic agonist that function like epinepherine that increase BP through vasopressor action
51
dobutamine
sympathetic agonist that function like epinepherine that increase BP through vasopressor action Also has positive inotropy effect
52
Duramorph
morphine; used to treat pain and anxiety of heart attack
53
cardioplegia solution
high potassium solution used to induce cardiac arrest in open heart surgery
54
Activase
alteplase; very expensive and dangerous clot-busting drug only used in the ED or cath lab after a MI is diagnosed

Pre-pharmacology (27 decks)

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