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Pre-pharmacology > Module 2 drugs > Flashcards

Module 2 drugs Flashcards

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1
Q

bethanechol

A 
muscarinic agonist (one of few on market); increases bowl speed and increases bladder drainage for those with urinary/bowl retention
*has a long duration of action, unlike Ach
not a great drug b/c of side effects
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2
Q

atropine

A

Parasympatholytic: antidote to Ach, bethanechol, and Sarin gas
Prototypical parasympatholytic

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3
Q

scopolamine

A

parasympatholytic; used prophylactically to prevent motion sickness, originally used to dilate pupils
Very similar to atropine and derived from Nightshade

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4
Q

Ditropan

A

oxybutynin; muscarinic antagonist; designed specifically for muscarinic bladder rc antagonism but isn’t great (mainly just used locally b/c of side effects)
Antispasmodic to relax smooth muscle for urinary tract spasm, often given in combo with sedatives and anti-infectives

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5
Q

dopamine

A

ephedrine-like drug with beta and alpha agonist action

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6
Q

dobutamine

A

ephedrine-like drug with beta and alpha agonist action

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7
Q

Inderal

A

propranolol; non-selective B blocker (first one created); also an analgesic

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8
Q

curare

A

nicotinic antagonist; muscle relaxant

*can cause paralysis from blocking NMJ action; used as amazonian dart poison

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9
Q

epinepherine; norepinepherine

A

adrenergic rc agonists (prototype); bind to all alpha and B1 and B2 rc to raise BP, raise HR, dilate lungs, dilate pupils, increase blood flow to muscles and brain

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10
Q

albuterol

A

selective B2 agonist; used in inhalers to treat asthma

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11
Q

Ach

A

acetylcholine; cholinergic (M and N) agonist; lowers BP and HR, constricts lungs and pupils, increase blood flow to digestive tract and kidneys, and activates salvation

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12
Q

diphenhydramine (and other antihistamines)

A

muscarinic antagonists; as side effects b/c of parasympatholytic action they cause dry mouth and constipation

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13
Q

Lomotil

A

diphenoxylate mixed with atropine; opioid used to treat diarrhea mixed with atropine so it will not be abused from side e’s

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14
Q

Demerol

A

meperidine; mu receptor agonist, first synthesized opioid

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15
Q

TCAs

A

tricyclic antidepressants; often have pain-relieving properties even greater than anti-depressant effects

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16
Q

hydrocodone

A

S2 opioid with 1/2 the potency of oxycodone

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17
Q

OxyContin

A

oxycodone; twice as potent as hydrocodone

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18
Q

Sublimaze

A

fentanyl; opioid given by IV that is 100x as potent as morphine
Most popular synthetic potent opioid administered in clinics and hospitals

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19
Q

sufentanyl

A

opioid 10x more potent than fentanyl; 1000x more potent than morphine

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20
Q

Tylenol 3

A

30 mg codeine with 300 mg acetaminophen

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21
Q

Tylenol 4

A

60 mg codeine with 300 mg acetaminophen

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22
Q

Advil

A

ibuprofen OTC; common NSAID

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23
Q

Orudis

A

ketoprofen OTC; common NSAID

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24
Q

Aleve

A

naproxen OTC; common NSAID

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25
Toradol
ketorolac; potent NSAID given IM commonly to send patients home after surgery or in professional sports Very strong pain relief similar to morphine (not as addictive)
26
Aspirin
ASA; acetylsalicylic acid; OTC COX 1 and 2 inhibitor Decomposes after expiration into vinegar and salicylic acid Has anti-coagulant effect for 4-7 days Risk for Reye's syndrome when given to kids with flu, chickenpox, or cold
27
Ecotrin
Aspirin
28
Doan's pills
magnesium salicylate
29
Pepto-Bismol
sodium salicylate
30
Vioxx and Bextra
COX 2 inhibitors pulled off market b/c of covered up increased risk for CAD and stroke
31
Celebrex
celecoxib; COX 2 inhibitor (only one on market); increases patient risk for CAD and stroke
32
APAP (acetyl-para-aminophenol)
Tylenol; acetaminophen; peripherally acting analgesic but not NSAID (inhibits some aspects of COX2) Treats pain and fever, but not inflammation Often given to pts. who can't tolerate NSAIDs
33
Alka-Seltzer
ASA and sodium bicarbonate; in an effervescent tablet
34
buffered aspirin
ASA and antacid
35
Excedrin
acetaminophen, ASA, and caffeine; very dangerous and abused heavily. Very bad for kidneys to take all these drugs at same time
36
Percodan
oxycodone and ASA; S2
37
Vicodin
hydrocodone and acetaminophen; S2
38
Lortab
hydrocodone and acetaminophen; S2
39
Percocet
oxycodone and acetaminophen; S2
40
Vicoprofen
hydrocodone and ibuprofen; S2 | Not much ibuprofen: 7.5 mg hydrocodone and 200 mg ibuprofen
41
Ergot alkaloids
ergotamine; powerful vasonconstrictor used to treat migraines (stop migraine vasodilation)
42
Imitrex
sumatriptan; 5-HT 1B agonist; first and prototype triptan drug. Nitrogen gas powered subcutaneous needle-free delivery possible.
43
frovatriptan
5-HT 1B agonist
44
rizatriptan
5-HT 1B agonist
45
zolmitriptan
5-HT 1B agonist
46
eletriptan
5-HT 1B agonist
47
naratriptan
5-HT 1B agonist
48
Elavil
amitriptyline; TCA
49
methadone
opioid; used for chronic pain management and help detoxification from opioid addiction
50
Buprenex
buprenorphine; partial/mixed agonist/antagonist at mu rc. Used in withdrawls from narcotics, migraines, and analgesic when pt. concern of addiction/full effect narcotic Can be taken as squirt up nose
51
ketamine
kappa opioid rc agonist; strongest pain reliever we know other than unconsciousness by general anesthesia Originally animal tranquilizer, now for anesthesia; causes hallucinations so must be careful
52
Ultram
tramadol; popular strong opioid alternative b/c of mild opioid effect 1/100 mu receptor binding of morphine but works fine if pt. can't take NSAID or something
53
Naprosyn
naproxen Rx; common NSAID
54
Motrin
ibuprofen Rx; common NSAID
55
caffeine
methylxanthine (found in chocolate) type drug with bronchodilator properties. Can be used to treat tension and migraine headaches
56
verapamil
CCB (calcium channel blocker); useful for non-traditional pain relief
57
Prozac
fluoxetine; SSRI that can be used to treat migraines
58
Cymbalta
duloxetine; SSNRI (selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor); can be used to migraines
59
Lyrica
pregabalin; used to treat nerve and muscle pain, as well as to treat seizures
60
lidocaine
Na channel blocker; local anesthetic
61
capsaicin
compound found in chili peppers used in topical creams to deplete pain chemicals at site of injury
62
Laudanum
tincture of opium
63
Lidoderm patch
lidocaine patch
64
Suboxone
buprenorphine and naloxone; partial agonist and full antag used to get people off opioids and prevent abuse of the drug used to wean them off Starting to replace methadone and naltrexone for recovery for addicts
65
methamphetamine
stimulant with similar properties to epinepherine
66
cocaine
sodium channel blocker; local anesthetic, but also stimulant drug of abuse
67
nitrous oxide
laughing gas
68
Antabuse
disulfiram; prevents elimination of acetaldehyde which causes hangover symptoms so ingestion of alcohol causes very quick acting and long-lasting hangover
69
naltrexone
mu antagonist; used orally with long half life to help block effects of opioids in brain so there is no euphoria; used prophylactically in maintenance phase for addicts Also reduces alcohol cravings in alcoholics
70
Narcan
naloxone; pure mu rc antagonist given by IV. Short half life so used just for emergency overdoses
71
amphetamines
stimulant; Rx forms used to treat hyperactivity in children (ADHD)
72
LSD
lysergic acid; "acid"; hallucinogen
73
cannabinoids
mimic action of endogenous endocannabinoids and bind to cannabinoid receptors
74
tobacco
nicotine inside is most common drug of abuse and addiction worldwide
75
Xanax
alprazolam; benzodiazepine
76
Valium
diazepam; benzodiazepine
77
cortisol
naturally produced corticosteroid produced by the adrenal gland; modulates glucose levels and body stress response, temper immune function and thereby decrease inflammatory response, help us stay awake
78
Singlulair
montelukast; lipoxegenase inhibitor (stops LT formation)
79
hydrocortisone
cortisol-like drug synthesized for medical use
80
oral prednisone
moderately potent systemic corticosteroid
81
Kenalog
triamcinolone; systemic corticosteroid can be given by IM as "allergy shot" (incorrectly called cortisone shot) to reverse severe allergies. Also sold Rx in creams, nasal sprays, inhaler, pill, or injection
82
Solu-Medrol
methylprednisolone; systemic corticosteroid given by IV to treat emergency anaphylactic reaction
83
DHT
dihydrotestosterone; taken as an anabolic steroid
84
testosterone
one of most important male hormones; also taken as an anabolic steroid
85
Dianabol
methandrostenolone; first anabolic steroid in US; AAS (anabolic androgen steroid) with similar action to testosterone
86
HGH
human growth hormone; often abused like an AAS | Can treat pituitary dwarfism or growth hormone deficiency in children
87
Genotropin
first recombinant HGH produced as medicine
88
coritsone
synthetic cortisol derivative
89
Cortenema
Rx strength enema hydrocortisone for Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis
90
prednisone
potent corticosteroid; very popular and given orally
91
betamethasone
popular Rx strength corticosteroid cream and ointment

Pre-pharmacology (27 decks)

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