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Pre-pharmacology > Chapter 19 (dermatological drugs) > Flashcards

Chapter 19 (dermatological drugs) Flashcards

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1
Q

astringents

A

found in ‘toners’: shrink or constrict pores by coagulating skin proteins

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2
Q

keratolytics

A

increase turnover rate of new skin cells, causing old skin to shed
Soften keratin to loosen and assist exfoliation of skin cells

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3
Q

caustic agents

A

dissolve the horny layer (and deeper) of skin

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4
Q

horny layer

A

stratum corneum; outermost layer of epidermis; consists of layers of dead skill cells that shed through process of desquamation

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5
Q

emollients

A

soften and smooth scales of skin to make them more smooth and less flaky; also are occlusive agents (provide a protective layer that prevents water loss)

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6
Q

moisturizers

A

introduce water to skin

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7
Q

antiseptics

A

weaken/slow down growth of bacteria instead of actually killing them; pretty much just used topically and resistance is rare

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8
Q

eczema

A

vague term meaning dermatitis, which is skin inflammation

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9
Q

most common causes of eczema

A
  1. irritant dermatitis
  2. atopy
  3. infections
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10
Q

irritant dermatitis

A

from exposure to environmental irritants (including sunburn)

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11
Q

atopic dermatitis

A

atopic implies allergic phenomenon; genetic predisposition to dermatitis; a type of allergy
Skin becomes inflammed when exposed to allergen (pollens, foods, metals, and chemicals)

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12
Q

atopic triad

A

eczema, hay fever, and asthma

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13
Q

infection dermatitis

A

skin inflammation caused by an infection
Miconazole for tinea fungal infections (types of tinea include ringworm, athlete’s foot and jock itch)
Double/triple antibiotic creams applied to topical staph. or strep. bacterial infections like impetigo
Topical/oral acyclovir-like drugs for herpetic viral infections
Vaccines to prevent genital warts

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14
Q

sunburn

A

type of irritant dermatitis; irritant is UV radiation. Skin is inflamed secondary to ‘overdose’ of radiation

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15
Q

treating dermatitis

A

just like treating inflammation; topical preparations include antihistamines, aloe vera and other plant extracts, zinc compounds, and emollients

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16
Q

Caladryl lotion

A

calamine to sooth and pramoxine as anti itch

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17
Q

Cortaid

A

hydrocortisone 1% cream; least potent coritcosteroid

Used for dermatitis

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18
Q

Ultravate, Halox

A

halobetasol proprionate 0.05%; group 1 corticosteroid (600x stronger than hydrocortisone)

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19
Q

Lidex

A

fluocinonide 0.05%; group 2 corticosteroid

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20
Q

Cutivate

A

fluticasone proprionate 0.005%; group 3 corticosteroid

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21
Q

Locoid

A

hydrocortisone butyrate 0.1%; group 4 corticosteroid

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22
Q

Kenalog, Aristocort

A

triamcinolone acetonide 0.1%; group 5 corticosteroid

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23
Q

Kenalog, Aristocort A

A

triamcinolone acetonide 0.025%; group 6 corticosteroid

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24
Q

hydrocortisone 1%

A

OTC group 7 corticosteroid; weakest of topical corticosteroids, has poor lipid permeability, and can not penetrate mucous membranes well

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25
zinc oxide
sunblock; more popular in past
26
micronized titanium dioxide
sunblock; more popular nowadays, less conspicuous on skin and offer substantial UVA and UVB protection
27
PABA
para-aminobenzoic acid; one of most popular sunscreens
28
antihistamines
used to treat systemic inflammation/rashes
29
Benadryl
diphenhydramine; antihistamine commonly used for systemic inflammation, but relatively ineffective for most skin rashes
30
prednisone
most commonly used oral corticosteroid for systemic inflammation; Rx
31
Pediculosis
common skin infection; infestation by tiny insect-like creatures (most commonly head/body lice, scabies mites, and chigger mites) Cause intensely pruritic rash (itchy)
32
scabies
type of pediculosis; has characteristic 'linier' lesion that resembles tunneling underneath skin 'angry' lesions are spread to other people and made worse by itching Treat by isolation, hot water cleaning of clothes and bedding, and anti-parasite drugs
33
Elimite, Nix
permethrin; anti-parasite drug (insecticide) used for scabies/pediculosis
34
acne vulgaris
acne; both inflammation and infection play a role Caused by clogged pores and overactive sebaceous glands *sebum stagnation occurs, which is an ideal environment for bacterial growth
35
rosacea
'adult form of acne' (but different process from acne vulgaris); characterized by pustules (bulging patches of skin full of pus), erythema (superficial reddening of skin), and telangiectasias (dilated small BVs on skin or mucous membranes)
36
ance vulgaris treatment
toners, balancers, clarifying lotions, astringents, and more specific therapy of antibacterials, antiseptics, and keratolytics
37
Benzac
benzoyl peroxide; organic peroxide with antiseptic and keratolytic actions. Standard OTC acne therapy Facial use OTC concentration is 2.5-5%, while 10% is more fore severe acne of torso
38
salicylic acid
organic acid derived from willow tree bark used as a topical keratolytic for acne in low concentrations or high concentrations to burn off warts
39
Eryderm
erythromycin; topical antibiotic for acne vulgaris | *FDA pregnancy category C: it is not known whether erythromycin topical will harm an unborn baby
40
Cleocin T
topical clindamycin (t for topical); antibiotic for acne vulgaris
41
Minocin
minocycline; oral tetracycline antibiotic used for acne vulgaris
42
tetracyclines
antibiotics used orally for acne vulgaris
43
erythromycin
oral macrolide antibiotic used for acne vulgaris
44
Rx keratolytics for acne vulgaris
derivatives of vitamin A 'retinoids' | Stimulate epithelial cells to multiply rapidly and slough-off (prevent stagnation and clogging of pores)
45
Retin-A
tretinoin topical; Rx keratolytic derived from vitamin A 'retinoids' used for acne vulgaris
46
oral vitamin A retinoids
used to treat severe cystic acne
47
Accutane
isotretinoin; oral keratolytic; oral vitamin A retinoid used to treat severe cystic acne Known teratogen and is associated with severe psychiatric disease including depression and suicidal ideation *used after topical keratolytics and topical/oral antibiotics have been tried
48
rosacea treatment
no cure, but can be treated with antibiotics and topical corticosteroids *corticosteroids are usually very mild b/c they are applied to the face
49
MetroGel
metronidazole; nitroimidazoles antibiotic used for rosacea maintenance therapy
50
Compound W liquid
17% salicylic acid; caustic agent used qd (once/day) to burn off warts over a period of weaks
51
cryotherapy for warts
using liquid nitrogen (in doctor's office) or similar gasses (dimethyl ether and propane in OTC Compound W Freeze off) to burn off wart in just 1-2 applications; but hurts a bit
52
Compound W Freeze Off
dimethyl ether and propane; OTC wart cryotherapy
53
alopecia
hair loss/baldness
54
Rogaine
minoxidil; older vasodilator drug available OTC for topical use for alopecia *2% for women, 5% for men
55
Propecia
finasteride; newer drug for alopecia; Rx only, oral drug that blocks conversion of testosterone to DHT (the hormone largely responsible for BPH and male pattern baldness)
56
sunscreen
absorb sun rays
57
sunblock
reflects/blocks rays
58
Solarcaine
benzocaine; a topical local anesthetic (sodium channel blocker), used after sunburn
59
aloe vera gel
soothing, anti-inflammatory agent used after sunburn
60
calamine lotion
used to soothe skin after sunburn
61
gentamicin
topical aminoglycoside antibacterial for skin infections
62
bacitracin
topical antibacterial for skin infections
63
Bactroban
mupirocin; carboxylic acid antibiotic; topical antibacterial for skin infections
64
Neosporin
combination topical antibiotic; triple antibiotic ointment | bacitracin, neomycin, and polymyxin B
65
Polysporin
combination topical antibiotic; double antibiotic ointment | bacitracin and polymyxin B
66
Cortisporin
combination topical antibiotic and corticosteroid | neomycin, polymyxin B, and hydrocortisone in OTC strength
67
Lotrimin
clotrimazole; topical antifungal
68
Lotrisone
topical combination antifungal and corticosteroid; | betamethasone and clotrimazole
69
Zovirax
acyclovir; topical or oral anti-herpes drug
70
Valtrex
valacyclovir; topical or oral anti-herpes drug
71
tetracycline
oral antibiotic used for acne vulgaris
72
Silvadene cream
silver sulfadiazine; sulfa medicine used to prevent and suppress infections; placed on top of burns and wounds

Pre-pharmacology (27 decks)

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