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Pre-pharmacology > Chapter 7 (drugs that affect the autonomic NS) > Flashcards

Chapter 7 (drugs that affect the autonomic NS) Flashcards

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1
Q

almost all drugs effect some aspect of our…

A

nervous system

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2
Q

PNS subdivisions

A

somatic NS and ANS

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3
Q

ANS

A

autonomic nervous system

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4
Q

ANS subdivisions

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic

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5
Q

somatic NS

A

those for which we have conscious control (like skeletal muscle movements)

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6
Q

ANS

A

those functions we do not control consciously like HR, BP, saliva secretion, gastric acid secretion, peristalsis, etc.

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7
Q

almost every organ has innervation from both…

A

parasympa and sympa NS; they work in concert and in opposition
They exist in homeostatic balance between each other

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8
Q

sympa fight or flight balanced by…

A

parasympa rest and digest

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9
Q

NE

A

norepinepherine

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10
Q

Ach

A

acetylcholine

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11
Q

NE used at…

A

adrenergic receptors for sympa NS

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12
Q

Ach used at…

A

cholinergic receptors for parasympa NS

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13
Q

agonists

A

bind to rc THEN cause a positive action in the cell

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14
Q

antagonists

A

bind to rc but do not cause a positive action

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15
Q

parasympathomimetic

A

parasympathetic agonist

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16
Q

parasympatholytic

A

parasympathetic antagonist

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17
Q

sympathomimetic

A

sympathetic agonist

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18
Q

sympatholytic

A

sympathetic antagonist

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19
Q

cholinergic drugs

A

act as agnoists to Ach rc and bind to Ach rc to cause a positive effect

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20
Q

cholinergic antagonists

A

bind to Ach rc but have anticholinergic effects (often side effects of preventing parasympa action like dry mouth or constipation)

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21
Q

adrenergic named from

A

adrenaline (epi in England)

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22
Q

adrenergic receptors

A

alpha (1 and 2) and beta (1, 2, and 3)

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23
Q

cholinergic receptors

A

muscarinic and nicotinic

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24
Q

nicotinic receptors

A

found at the NMJ to cause somatic muscle contraction

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25
muscarine
named from mushroom it was isolated from (amantina muscaria)
26
parasympa vs. sympa balance
balanced under normal conditions, but disease states shift the balance off (like high BP, dysrhythmia, irritable bowl, etc.) so drugs are needed to maintain balance
27
endogenous
those that are part of the natural physiology of our body
28
bethanechol
muscarinic agonist; not a great drug b/c of side effects but does increase bowl speed and increase bladder drainage for those with urinary/bowl retention *unlike Ach, has a long duration of action One of few cholinergic agonists that isn't a nerve gas
29
atonic bladder/bowl
no tone, so pt. can't pee or poop
30
patients at risk for bladder/bowl atonicity
women with past births, someone with spinal cord injury, or someone on drug causing bladder retention
31
there are no good drugs for the parasympa NS b/c...
side effects are very bad b/c systemic inhibition or activation of parasympa NS is sucky
32
best cholinergic agonists
nerve gas poisons like Serin gas b/c they are very potent and harmful
33
atropine
antidote to Ach, bethanechol, and Sarin gas b/c it inhibits parasympa effects It is a parasympatholytic Prototype parasympatholytics
34
scopolamine
from nightshade; it is very similar to atropine as a parasympatholytic. Used originally to dilate pupils by blocking parasympa action of constricting them.
35
how do eye surgeons dilate pupils?
use eye drops that are anticholinergic and are sympathetic agonists
36
spasm
opposite of atony
37
bladder/bowl spasm
overactive
38
anticholinergic drugs
used to block over-activity of GI and urinary tracts
39
Ditropan
oxybutynin; muscarinic antagnoist antispasmodic to relax smooth muscle, often given in combo with sedatives and anti-infectives (side effects suck b/c of dry mouth, constipation, HR effects, breathing effects, etc.) B/c of side effects, really only good when used locally *developed specifically for muscarinic bladder antagonism but doesn't work so well
40
DA
dopamine
41
emergency situations needing adrenergic agonists
epi is used in emergency, then dopamine or dobutamine is used to stabilize the pt. to support CV system
42
dopamine
ephedrine like drug with B and A agonist action
43
dobutamine
ephedrine like drug with B and A agonist action
44
Inderal
propranolol; non-selective B blocker (first one created) | New B blockers are more specific to certain receptors.
45
B2 receptor
found in lungs; never want antag binding b/c never a good idea to constrict bronchal tube. Ags dilate pulomnary tube.
46
B1 receptor
specific B1 receptors are found on heart; ags increase HR
47
a1 receptor
found in BVs; ags constrict BVs to increase BP
48
curare
amazonian dart poison, blocks nicotinic receptor so paralysis occurs b/c somatic NS does not work (no NMJ action so muscles cannot contract); a true muscle relaxant! A neuromuscular blockade occurs
49
epinepherine; norepinepherine
prototype adrenergic receptor agonists Bind to all alpha and B1 and B2 receptors to... Raise BP and HR, dilate lungs and pupils, increase blood flow to muscles and brain
50
albuterol
mostly B2 agonist used in inhalers to treat asthma | Very little effect on heart rate
51
DA
dopamine
52
dopamine; dobutamine
two catecholamine adrenergic receptor agonists
53
catecholamines
many sympathetic agonists are this type of molecule; like epi, NE, and DA have 1,2 dihyroxy benzene structure (catechol structure)
54
5 non-catecholamine adrenergic receptor agonists
cocaine, ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine, | and ampthetamine are non-catecholamine adrenergic rc agonists
55
Inderal
propranolol; B blocker (sympatholytic). Also an analgesic.
56
acetylcholine
cholingergic (muscarinic and nicotinic) agonist Lowers BP and HR, constricts lungs and pupils, increase blood flow to digestive tract and kidneys, and activates salivation
57
antihistamines (such as diphenhydramine)
muscarinic antagonist as side effects, many antihistamines, antipsychotics, antidepressants, and antiparkinsons drugs cause dry mouth and constipation
58
NE is main NT of...
sympa NS
59
anticholinergic drugs addiction
not addictive b/c side effects are so sucky like constipation, urinary retention, dry mouth, etc.
60
Lomotil
atropine / diphenoxylate; an opioid used to treat diarrhea that makers put atropine in so its not abused; will cause bad side effects so nobody will abuse
61
Demerol
meperidine; mu receptor agonist
62
all NS subdivisions carry...
sensory info, in addition to their efferent neuron effects
63
enteric NS
recieves sensory info and causes smooth muscle movement and acid secretion for GI tract

Pre-pharmacology (27 decks)

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