Chapter 13 Flashcards

Question

why did demand fall and overproduction occur before great depression?

Answer 1

Demand for raw materials was high during the war and dropped drastically after the war, causing prices on raw materials to drop Farmer and other suppliers earned less as a result Better technology allowed factories to make more products faster Led to overproduction [production of goods > demand] As demand went down, factories cut back on production and workers lost their jobs

Answer 2

Federal Reserve raised interest rates to slow the run of the stock market The higher interest rates made the ppl nervous about investing, hurting demand

Answer 3

American banks stopped making loans abroad and demanded repayment of foreign loans Germany couldn’t make reparation payments w/out support from US France and Britain couldn’t repay their loans US imposed the highest tariffs ever, which backfired bc other nations did too

Answer 4

Britain set up a coalition gov that was made up of leaders from all three major parties Provided some unemployment benefits, but didn’t help much

Answer 5

In France, leftist parties united behind socialist Leon Blum’s Popular Front government Tried to solve labor problem and passed some social laws, but didn’t satisfy more radical leftists Strikes brought down the gov Country lacked strong leadership

Answer 6

Italy felt betrayed by Allies’ secret promises Peasants and workers revolted Veterans faced unemployment Economy failed Gov split into feuding factions, and was therefore useless

Answer 7

Combat squads organized by Mussolini Rejected democracy and socialism in favor of violence Many Italians accepted them bc they lost faith in their constitutional gov too

Answer 8

Fascists swarmed the capitol King Victor Emmanuel III asked to form a gov w prime minister bc he wanted to avoid civil war Thus Mussolini gained appointment from the king to lead Italy

Answer 9

for recognizing Vatican City as an independent state, altho pope didn’t agree w his goals Pope Pius XI

Answer 10

Mussolini brought economy under state control, but preserved capitalism His system favored upper classes and industrial leaders; workers suffered Workers’ wages were kept low and they were forbidden to strike

Answer 11

describes any authoritarian gov that is not communist, state > individual, destructive to basic human rights Ultranationalism violence and discipline blind loyalty to the state aggressive foreign expansion antidemocratic [rejected faith in reason an equality]

Answer 12

Fascists were sworn enemies of socialists and communists Differences --> - Communists: international change; fascists: nationalism - Communists: classless; fascism: supported classes; allied w the rich Similarities --> - Drew power by inspiring blind devotion to state / charismatic leader as embodiment of state - Used terror to keep power - Flourished during economic struggles - A party leader claimed to rule in the name of national interest

Answer 13

Fascist Italy

Answer 14

where gov officials make all basic economic decisions Stalin's Soviet Union

Answer 15

wealthy farmers

Answer 16

system of labor camps

Answer 17

Stalin feared rival party leaders so he started the Great Purge Later, he conducted “show trials” and punished anyone he suspected Millions of people were purged during this time Increased loyalty to Stalin Many of the most talented people were purged, including most military leaders and half of military officers

Answer 18

goal was to show Soviet life in a positive light and promote hope in communist future Stalin used this to censor the arts

Answer 19

Head of society were members of the Communist party Some joined bc they wanted to get ahead instead of a belief in communism Soviet elites enjoyed benefits denied to most ppl (Industrial managers, military leaders, scientists, etc.) Stalin’s purges often fell on the elite

Answer 20

Communist International; encourages world-wide revolution Lenin formed Comintern This made Western countries suspicious of the Soviet Union US → “Red Scare” Britain → cut off ties when they learned Soviet Union wanted to turn 1926 strike into a revolution

Answer 21

too many small parties Gov was led by moderate democratic socialists so it was criticized by Communists and Conservatives Germans blamed Jews and the gov for the Versailles treaty ppl longed for a strong leader like Bismarck

Answer 22

France occupied the Ruhr Valley when Germany fell behind in payments The workers refused to work and German gov continued to pay them to support them Gov had to print a lot of paper money to do so and inflation led to German currency becoming worthless Dawes Plan

Answer 23

US proposed Dawes Plan to help with reparations France withdrew from Ruhr Valley American loans helped German economy recover

Answer 24

Stimulated new cultural movements like dada art and Bauhaus architecture The Three-Penny Opera by Bertolt Brecht criticized middle-class values Artist George Grosz blasted the failings of the Weimar Republic

Answer 25

Germany must expand to gain Lebensraum [living space] for ppl Inferior races must bow to “Aryan” needs Germany needed a Führer [strong leader]

Answer 26

Nazis and Communists won more seats in the Reichstag [lower house of legislature] So, conservative leaders helped Hitler, bc they believed they could control him Hitler became chancellor of Germany, but within a year, he was dictator Germany became a one-party state Stalin purged Nazis that were disloyal

Answer 27

deprived Jews of German citizenship; segregated them; placed other restrictions

Answer 28

Nov 7 → Jew whose parents had mistreated in Germany shot German diplomat in Paris Nov. 9 - 10 → Hitler used this as an excuse for Kristallnacht

Answer 29

Right-wing dictators emerged in every E. European country except Finland and Czechoslovakia They all promised order and turned to anti-Semitism

Chapter 13 Flashcards

(53 cards)