Chapter 6

Question 1

Effects of Industrialization

Answer 1

Rapid urbanization
Factory system produced goods at lower prices, so ppl were buying stuff that only the wealthy could afford before
Industrialized countries began competing, altering patterns of world trade
Western powers began to dominate the world even more than before

Question 2

Henry Bessemer

Answer 2

developed Bessemer process, which was more efficient way of making steel from iron

Steel was lighter, harder, and more durable than iron so it became used more often after the Bessemer Process was invented

Question 3

Alfred Nobel

Answer 3

invented dynamite, which was a much safer explosive

Question 4

Michael Faraday

Answer 4

first simple electric motor
first dynamo [machine that generate electricity]

Question 5

Thomas Edison

Answer 5

first electric light bulb

Question 6

what were new methods of production to improve efficiency and what this this result in?

Answer 6

Manufacturers designed products with interchangeable parts [identical components that could be used in place of one another]
Assembly line

This resulted in lowered price of goods

Question 7

Nikolaus Otto

Answer 7

invented the internal combustion engine

Question 8

Karl Benz

Answer 8

invented the first automobile with three wheels

Question 9

Gottlieb Daimler

Answer 9

invented the first four wheeled automobile

Question 10

Ford

Answer 10

used the assembly line to mass produce cars, making the US a leader in the automobile industry

Question 11

Which invention allowed for flight?

Answer 11

The internal combustion engine allowed for flight

Question 12

Samuel F.B. Morse

Answer 12

first telegraph

An undersea cable was built between Europe and North America

Question 13

Alexander Graham Bell

Answer 13

telephone

Question 14

Guglielmo Marconi

Answer 14

radio

Question 15

Alfred Krupp

Answer 15

In Germany, Alfred Krupp inherited steelmaking and other mining stuff. He and his son acquired plants that made tools, railroad cars, and weapons

german mining monopoly guy

Question 16

John D. Rockefeller

Answer 16

Standard Oil Company
America
monopoly in petroleum industry

Question 17

Danger of monopolies?

Answer 17

With competition gone, ppl raised prices and formed cartels [group of corporations that work in association control markets]

Question 18

Louis Pasteur

Answer 18

proved germ theory [idea that certain microbes cause diseases]
Developed vaccine
Discovered pasteurization

Question 19

Robert Koch

Answer 19

identified the bacterium that causes tuberculosis

Question 20

Florence Nightingale

Answer 20

army nurse
insisted on sanitary measures in British hospitals
founded first nursing school

Question 21

Joseph Lister

Answer 21

discovered the use of antiseptics and insisted that surgeons sterilize their instruments and wash their hands before operating

Question 22

Louis Sullivan

Answer 22

Louis Sullivan and others pioneered skyscrapers made from steel

Question 23

mutual-aid societies

Answer 23

self-help groups to aid sick or injured workers

Question 24

What was the main tactic of labor unions?

Answer 24

the strike

Question 25

what were the ideals in cult of domesticity and who followed these ideals?

Answer 25

ideal woman stayed at home and was seen as a tender, self-sacrificing caregiver middle class ppl followed this thinking

Question 26

Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony

Answer 26

campaigned for abolition of slavery before campaigning for women’s suffrage

Question 27

Julia Brainerd Hall

Answer 27

worked with her brother, Charles, to develop aluminum-producing process, but he received most of the credit

Question 28

Why did some western territories grant suffrage earlier than the rest of the US?

Answer 28

Women who had “tamed the frontier” alongside men weren’t seen as weak and helpless in some western US territories

Question 29

Sojourner Truth

Answer 29

African American suffrage activist

Question 30

Emily Davies

Answer 30

campaigned for female students to take the entrance exams for Cambridge University

Question 31

John Dalton

Answer 31

develops the modern atomic theory

Question 32

Charles Lyell

Answer 32

In Charles Lyell’s Principles of Geology, offered evidence to show that Earth formed over millions of years

Question 33

social gospel

Answer 33

movement that urged Chrustians to social service