Chapter 13

Question 0

A series of specialized membrane surrounding the spinal cord provided the necessary physical stability and shock absorption

Answer 0

Spinal meninges

Question 1

The fora men magnum of the skull the spinal meninges are continuous

Answer 1

Cranial meninges

Question 2

The layer that forms the outermost covering of the spinal cord

Answer 2

Dura mater

Question 3

A region that contains areolar tissue, blood vessels, and a protective padding of adipose tissue

Answer 3

Epidural space

Question 4

Acts as a shock absorber and a diffusion medium for dissolved gasses, nutrients, chemical messengers, and waste products.

Answer 4

Cerebrospinal fluid (CFS)

Question 5

Consists of a mesh work of elastic and collagen fibers that is firmly bound to the underlying neural tissue

Answer 5

Pia mater

Question 6

Outermost layer’ consists of a dense network of collagen fibers

Answer 6

Epineurium

Question 7

The middle layer extend inward from the epineurium these connective partitions divide the nerve into a series of compartments that contains bundles of axons

Answer 7

Perineurium

Question 8

The inner most layer extend from the perineurium and surround individuals axons

Answer 8

Endometrium

Question 9

Typically proximal to the white ramus together they are know as the rami communication

Answer 9

Gray ramus

Question 10

Postganglionic fibers that innervates smooth muscles,glands,and organs,in the thoracic cavity extend directly from the ganglion to their respective effectors organs

Answer 10

White ramus

Question 11

Adjacent spinal nerves blend their fibers producing a series of compound nerve trucks, such a complex interwoven network of nerves

Answer 11

Nerve plexus

Question 12

Functional groups of interconnected neurons

Answer 12

Neural pool

Question 13

Results from the connections that form between neurons during development

Answer 13

Innate reflexes

Question 14

More complex learned motor patterns

Answer 14

Acquired reflexes

Question 15

Provides a mechanism for the involuntary control of the muscular system

Answer 15

Somatic reflexes

Question 16

Autonomic reflexes, control the activities of the other system

Answer 16

Visceral reflexes

Question 17

An enhancement of spinal reflexes

Answer 17

Reinforcement

Question 18

A spinal reflex in infants consisting of a fanning of the toes in responses to stroking the sole of the foot

Answer 18

Basin ski sign

Question 19

The injection of anesthetic into the epidural space to eliminate sensory and motor innervation via spinal nerves in the area of injection

Answer 19

Epidural block

Question 20

Inflammation of the meninges involving either the spinal cord or the brain generally caused by bacterial or viral pathogens

Answer 20

Meningitis

Question 21

Regional losses of sensory and motor function as a result of nerve trauma disease or compression

Answer 21

Nerve palsies

Question 22

Paralysis involving a loss of motor control of the lower but not the upper limbs

Answer 22

Paraplegia

Question 23

A spinal reflex resulting from the stimulation of strength receptors in the quadriceps muscles

Answer 23

Patellar reflex

Question 24

A spinal reflex in adults consisting of a curling of the toes in response to stroking the side of the foot sole

Answer 24

Plantar reflex

Question 25

Paralysis involving the loss of sensation and motor control of the upper and lower limbs

Answer 25

Quadriplegia

Question 26

A contrition caused by the infection of neurons in dorsal root ganglia by the varicella-zoster the primary sign is a painful rash along the sensory distribution of the affected spinal nerve

Answer 26

Shingles

Question 27

A procedure in which cerebrospinal fluid is removed from the subarachnoid space through a needle, generally inserted between the lumbar vertebrae

Answer 27

Spinal tap

Question 28

A spinal tap performed between adjacent lumbar vertebrae inferior to the conus medullaris

Answer 28

Lumbar puncture