Chapter 1

Question 1

The study of the structure of the body.

Answer 1

Anatomy

Question 2

The study of function; deals with the ways organisms perform vital activities.

Answer 2

Physiology

Question 3

The study of embryonic development, focusing on the first 2 months after fertilization.

Answer 3

Embryology

Question 4

The study of cells.

Answer 4

Cytology

Question 5

The study of tissues.

Answer 5

Histology

Question 6

Changes in activity that maintain homeostasis in direct response to changes in the local environment; does not require neural or endocrine control.

Answer 6

Autoregulation

Question 7

Results from the activities of the nervous system or endocrine system.

Answer 7

Extrinsic Regulation

Question 8

A sensor that is sensitive to a particular environmental change.

Answer 8

Receptor

Question 9

Receives and processes the information supplied by the receptor and sends out commands.

Answer 9

Control Center

Question 10

A cell or organ that responds to the commands of the control center and whose activity either opposes or enhances the stimulus.

Answer 10

Effector

Question 11

A corrective mechanism that opposes or negates a variation from normal limits.

Answer 11

Negative Feedback

Question 12

A mechanism that increases a deviation from normal limits after an initial stimulus.

Answer 12

Positive Feedback

Question 13

Lying face up, with palms facing anteriorly.

Answer 13

Supine

Question 14

Lying face down with the palms facing the floor.

Answer 14

Prone

Question 15

A sectional plane that divides the body into an anterior portion and a posterior portion; also called coronal plane.

Answer 15

Frontal Plane

Question 16

A sectional plane that divides the body into left and right portions.

Answer 16

Sagittal Plane

Question 17

Any muscular partition; the respiratory muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity.

Answer 17

Diaphragm

Question 18

Division of the ventral body cavity that is superior to the abdominopelvic cavity that is bounded by the chest wall.

Answer 18

Thoracic Cavity

Question 19

The portion of the ventral body cavity that contains abdominal and pelvic subdivisions; also contains the peritoneal cavity.

Answer 19

Abdominopelvic Cavity

Question 20

Organs in the ventral body cavity.

Answer 20

Viscera

Question 21

Subdivisions of the thoracic cavity that contain the lungs.

Answer 21

Pleural Cavities

Question 22

The central tissue mass that divides the thoracic cavity into two pleural cavities.

Answer 22

Mediastinum

Question 23

The space between the parietal pericardium and the epicardium (visceral pericardium) that covers the outer surface of the heart.

Answer 23

Pericardial Cavity

Question 24

The inferior subdivision of the abdominopelvic cavity; encloses the urinary bladder, the sigmoid colon and rectum, and male or female reproductive organs.

Answer 24

Pelvic Cavity

Question 25

The maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment.

Answer 25

Homeostasis

Question 26

Exists when opposing processes or forces are in balance.

Answer 26

State of Equilibrium

Question 27

Lies at right angles to the long axis of the body, dividing it into superior and inferior portions.

Answer 27

Transverse

Question 27

An axis; three are needed to describe any three-dimensional object.

Answer 27

Plane