Chapter 13

Question 1

accounts for the level direction and persistence of effort expended at work

Answer 1

Motivation

Question 2

is an unfulfilled physiological or psychological desire

Answer 2

need

Question 3

are physiological safety and social needs in Maslow’s Hierarchy

Answer 3

lower order need

Question 4

are esteem and self-actualization needs in Maslow’s Heirarchy

Answer 4

Higher order needs

Question 5

are desires for physiological and material well-being

Answer 5

existence needs

Question 6

are desires for satisfying interpersonal relationships

Answer 6

relatedness needs

Question 7

are desires for continued psychological growth and development

Answer 7

growth needs

Question 8

is the desire to do something better to solve problems, or to master complex tasks

Answer 8

need for achievement

Question 9

is the desire to control, influence, or be responsible for other people

Answer 9

need for power

Question 10

is the desire to establish and maintain good relations with people

Answer 10

need for affiliation

Question 11

is found in job content such as a sense of achievement, recognition, responsibility, advancement or personal growth

Answer 11

satisfier factors

Question 12

is found in the job context such as working conditions interpersonal relations organizational policies and salary

Answer 12

hygiene factor

Question 13

is the allocation of specific work tasks to individuals and groups

Answer 13

job design

Question 14

increases job content by adding work planning and evaluating duties normally performed by the supervisor

Answer 14

job enrichment

Question 15

is discomfort felt over being harmed by unfair treatment

Answer 15

perceived negative inequity

Question 16

is discomfort felt over benefitting from unfair treatment

Answer 16

perceived positive inequity

Question 17

is a person’s belief that working hard will result in high task performance

Answer 17

expectancy

Question 18

is a person’s belief that various outcomes will occur as a result of task performance

Answer 18

Instrumentality

Question 19

is the value a person assigns to work related outcomes

Answer 19

valence

Question 20

is a person’s belief that they are capable of performing a task

Answer 20

self efficacy

Question 21

states that behavior followed by pleasant consequences is likely to be repeated behavior followed by unpleasant consequences is not

Answer 21

law of effect

Question 22

is the control of behavior by manipulating its consequences

Answer 22

operant conditioning

Question 23

strengthens a behavior by making a desirable consequence contingent on its occurence

Answer 23

positive reienforcement

Question 24

strengthens a behavior by making the avoidance of an undesirable consequence contingent on its occurrence

Answer 24

negative reinforcement

Question 25

discourages a behavior by making an unpleasant consequence contingent on its occurence

Answer 25

punishment

Question 26

discourages a behavior making the removal of a desirable consequence contingent on its occurrence

Answer 26

extinction

Question 27

is positive reinforcement of successive approximations to the desired behavior

Answer 27

shaping

Question 28

deliver the reward only when desired behavior occurs

Answer 28

law of contingent reinforcement

Question 29

deliver the reward as soon as possible after the desired behavior occurs

Answer 29

law of immediate reinforcement