Chapter 13 Flashcards

(32 cards)

1
Q

Comparative condition examples

A

Memory categorization decisioning and problem-solving language used deception

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2
Q

Tinbergen’s for questions/4 levels of analysis are…

A

Are used to categorize research findings

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3
Q

Tinbergen’s for questions/4 levels of analysis (two categories)

A

Ultimate and proximate cause

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4
Q

Ultimate cause questions/levels of analysis

A

1 How does the trait healthy individual survivor and produce 2 is that trait found in closely related species are species with similar environments

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5
Q

Proximate cause questions/levels of analysis

A

3 what biological and environmental events lead to the expression of that trait in that individual 4 how does the street merger change during individual development

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6
Q

Biophilia hypothesis

A

Humans have inherited disposition to be drawn to or bond with nature including animals

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7
Q

Memory is closely related to

A

Stimulus discrimination

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8
Q

Delayed matching-to-sample for memory

A

Animal shown the stimulus then there’s a delay then they select the stimulus from group and measure the ability to remember that stimulus correctly

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9
Q

Forgetting

A

Delayed matching to sample instructed to be a visual cue to remember or forget the previously was

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10
Q

Forgetting testing

A

Animals are instructed to either remember to forget when instructed forget move to the next trial and not be affected by stimulus

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11
Q

Memory in food storing birds

A

Larger haven’t found birds the store food because of their reliance to remember the location of their food

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12
Q

Clever Hans

A

Horse hoax that made people believe that he could count when he was only responding to a facial and social cues

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13
Q

Direct matching – to - sample

A

No delay between the presentation of the sample stimulus and stimuli

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14
Q

Pigeon example

A

Pigeons were showing two or three cars to match the numbers therefore showing evidence of numerosity

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15
Q

Categorization

A

Involves the ability to generalize and discriminate

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16
Q

Transitive inference

A

Form of reasoning in which the relationship between two objects can be inferred by knowing the relationship of each to a third object

17
Q

Transitive inference ABC example

A

A is greater than B & B is greater than C therefore A greater than C

18
Q

Making and using tools

A

To usage is a manipulative way you using an item and shows higher cognitive abilities

19
Q

Selectivity in tool use

A

A more sophisticated understanding of cause-and-effect

20
Q

Multiple uses of tools

A

Shows the expectation of future need

21
Q

Combining and modifying existing materials

A

Shows great cognitive complexity to create a new tool

22
Q

How do animals learn to use tools

A

Observation and social interaction

23
Q

Self-awareness

A

Mark and mirror task

24
Q

Theory of mind

A

Impute mental states to other individuals; seeing oneself as separate from others and recognizing that the content of another’s mind is different from one’s own

25
Understanding content of another mind
False belief task video with Snoopy on the crayon box
26
Cooperation
Rope task with elephants
27
Deception
Chimps are crazy, Point and the food containers with a cooperative cheater set alarms to go and get females while dominate males are gone
28
Language
Many believe that is innate and a special category of communication
29
Key features of language
Symbols and text and semantics
30
Language system
Allows us to communicate with others intentionally and with great specific city
31
Animals use language
Lack of verbal apparatus but sign language has proven successful but not following grammatical rules and passed the test of reference
32
Comparative cognition
City of information processing across a variety of species including humans gives insight as to if these abilities are similar and different across species