Chapter 7 - Schedules Of Reinforcement

Question 1

Continuous reinforcement schedule

Answer 1

One in which each specified response is reinforced

Question 2

Continuous reinforcement schedule example

Answer 2

Each time a dog rolls over on command it gets a treat

Question 3

Intermittent reinforcement schedules

Answer 3

One in which only some responses are reinforced

Question 4

Intermittent reinforcement schedule example

Answer 4

Only occasionally when the rat press is a lever it will result in food

Question 5

Intermittent schedule types

Answer 5

1 fixed ratio 2 variable ratio 3 fixed interval 4 variable interval

Question 6

Fixed ratio schedule

Answer 6

A fixed number of responses are required for reinforcement

Question 7

Dense versus lean fixed ratio

Answer 7

Dense fixed ratio is to reinforce every little amount of responses (every 5) while lean fixed ratio is to reinforce after large amounts of responses (every 100)

Question 8

Fixed ratio schedule leads to

Answer 8

1 higher rates of responding 2 post reinforcement pauses 3 ratio strain

Question 9

Variable ratio schedule

Answer 9

Requires a varying rate of responses for reinforcement

Question 10

Variable ratio schedule leads to

Answer 10

Hi steady rate of response without a post reinforcement pause

Question 11

Fixed interval schedule

Answer 11

Reinforcement is contingent upon the first response after a fixed period of time

Question 12

Fixed interval schedule leads to

Answer 12

And erotic pattern of responding with a long pause then frequent responding as the reinforcer approaches

Question 13

Variable interval schedule

Answer 13

Reinforcement occurs with the first response after varying amount of time

Question 14

Variable interval schedule leads to

Answer 14

A moderate steady rate of responding

Question 15

Theories of reinforcement

Answer 15

1 Drive reduction theory 2 Premack principle 3 response deprivation hypothesis 4 behavioral bliss point approach

Question 16

Drive reduction theory

Answer 16

And event is reinforcing to the extent that is associated with the reduction in some type of physiological drive

Question 17

Drive reduction theory example

Answer 17

Food deprivation produces a hunger drive which causes animal to seek food when food is obtained hunger drive is reduced. Which strengthens the behavior that preceded in drive reduction

Question 18

Premack principle

Answer 18

That reinforcers can often be viewed as behaviors rather than stimuli

Question 19

Premack Principle example

Answer 19

Rather than saying a lever being pressed was reinforced by food, we could say that lever being pressed was reinforced by act of eating food

Question 20

Response deprivation hypothesis

Answer 20

Behavior can serve as a reinforcer when 1 access to the behavior is restricted and 2 it’s frequency falls below it’s preferred level of occurrence

Question 21

Response deprivation hypothesis rat example

Answer 21

Of a rat is conditioned to read for one hour a day but is taken away from it and can only run 15 minutes a day, it will start to feel deprived and will do more to receive additional time

Question 22

Behavioral bliss point approach

Answer 22

An organism with free access to alternative activities will distribute his behavior in such a way to maximize overall reinforcement

Question 23

Behavioral bliss point approach example

Answer 23

A rat is given free time to run on the wheel and explore a maze, rat reaches its behavioral bliss point by spending one hour day running on the wheel in two hours exploring the maze

Question 24

Schedules of reinforcement

Answer 24

Response requirement that must be met to obtain reinforcement