Chapter 6 - Operant Conditioning

Question 1

Operant behavior

Answer 1

voluntary and goal-orientated behaviors that are emitted by the organism

Question 2

Thorndike’s law of effect

Answer 2

favorable behaviors are “stamped in” or strengthened while other unfavorable behaviors are “stamped out” or weakened

Question 3

Skinner selection of consequences

Answer 3

Skinner created the Skinner box which he came up with the idea of operant behavior

Question 4

Operant consequences

Answer 4

Refers to specific consequence that follows a behavior

Question 5

Reinforcer

Answer 5

Consequence that increases of behavior

Question 6

Punisher

Answer 6

A consequence that weakens the possibility of the behavior

Question 7

Extinction

Answer 7

With drawl of reinforcement which weakens of behavior

Question 8

Three term contingency

Answer 8

Antecedent and behavior and consequences

Question 9

Antecedent

Answer 9

A discriminative stimulus (environment)

Question 10

Behavior

Answer 10

Elicited action from an organism

Question 11

Consequence

Answer 11

Punisher or reinforcer which processes the possibility of a behavior

Question 12

Discriminative stimulus

Answer 12

Stimulus which sets the occasion for behavior

Question 13

Discriminative stimulus for reinforcement (joke example)

Answer 13

Presentation of the stimulus for example a laugh every time a joke is told therefore a joke is more likely to be told

Question 14

Discriminative stimulus for punishment (cat example)

Answer 14

Presentation of a stimulus that decreases the behavior for example a cat sees a water bottle and quickly learns that it will get sprayed every time it meows

Question 15

Discriminative stimulus for extinction

Answer 15

Stimulus that signals absence of a reinforcement

Question 16

Four types of contingencies

Answer 16

1 positive reinforcement 2 negative reinforcement 3 positive punishment 4 negative punishment

Question 17

Positive reinforcement

Answer 17

Presentation of the stimulus should we consider pleasant to increase the future response

Question 18

Positive reinforcement girlfriend example

Answer 18

Complimenting girlfriend results in a kiss every single time. The positive reinforcement is a kiss it’s a presentation of a consequence

Question 19

Negative reinforcement

Answer 19

Removal of the stimulus which is considered unpleasant or aversive to increase the future response

Question 20

Negative reinforcement heater example

Answer 20

Every time its cold you turn on the heater. Turning on the heater removes the cold which increases your behavior for turning on the heater

Question 21

Positive punishment

Answer 21

The presentation of the stimulus usuallyunpleasant or aversive to decrease likelihood of behavior

Question 22

Positive punishment spanking example

Answer 22

Every time a child misbehaves they receive a spanking. Presentation of the spanking decreases the likelihood for the child to misbehave

Question 23

Negative punishment

Answer 23

The removal of the stimulus which is usually pleasant and rewarding to decrease a behavior likelihood

Question 24

Negative punishment curfew example

Answer 24

If you stay out past your curfew your car privileges are taken away. Therefore the removal of the car privileges decreases your likelihood to stay past curfew

Question 25

Immediate versus delayed reinforcement

Answer 25

The more immediate the reinforcer the stronger it’s effect on the behavior

Question 26

Child playing immediate versus delayed reinforcement example

Answer 26

If you would like to reinforce how to play quietly while they are doing so you give them a treat

Question 27

Primary reinforcer

Answer 27

Also known as an unconditioned reinforcer is an event that is innately reinforced

Question 28

Primary reinforcer examples

Answer 28

Food, water, temperature and sexual contact

Question 29

Secondary reinforcer

Answer 29

Known as a condition reinforcer an event that is reinforcing because it is associated with some other reinforcer

Question 30

Secondary reinforcer examples

Answer 30

Good grades, nice clothes and a nice car

Question 31

A type of secondary reinforcer

Answer 31

A generalized reinforcer or a generalized secondary reinforcer. example is money because it is associated with an almost unlimited array of other reinforcers like food clothing entertainment

Question 32

Intrinsic reinforcement

Answer 32

A reinforcement provided by the mere acting of the behavior

Question 33

Intrinsic reinforcement example

Answer 33

Driving because you like the feeling of it

Question 34

Extrinsic reinforcements

Answer 34

Reinforcement provided by some consequence that is external to the behavior

Question 35

Extrinsic reinforcement example

Answer 35

I work because I need the money

Question 36

Shaping

Answer 36

Gradual creation of a new operant behavior the reinforcement of successive approximations to that behavior

Question 37

Shaping dog example

Answer 37

Teaching a dog how to catch a frisbee. first you start with having the dog take away the frisbee from your hand and giving it back. Second the dog now has to jump for the frisbee. Thirdly you now throw the frisbee medium size for it to catch it and continue until further distance

Question 38

Operant conditioning

Answer 38

Type of learning in which future possibility of the behavior is affected by its consequences