Chapter 13 - The Cardiovascular System: Cardiac Function

Question 1

receive blood as it returns to the heart

Answer 1

atria

Question 2

pump blood away from the heart

Answer 2

ventricles

Question 3

conduits for blood flow

Answer 3

blood vessels

Question 4

separates the left and right sides of the heart

Answer 4

septum

Question 5

upper pole of heart

Answer 5

base

Question 6

lower pole of heart

Answer 6

apex

Question 7

system of blood vessels

Answer 7

vasculature

Question 8

_____ gives cells their red color.

Answer 8

Hemoglobin

Question 9

In the _____ circuit, blood becomes oxygenated.

Answer 9

pulmonary

Question 10

In the _____ circuit, blood becomes deoxygenated.

Answer 10

systemic

Question 11

_____ blood is bright red, and _____ blood is dark red.

Answer 11

Oxygenated; deoxygenated

Question 12

The heart gets its blood supply from the _____.

Answer 12

coronary arteries

Question 13

Pulmonary arteries are the only arteries that carry _____ blood.

Answer 13

deoxygenated

Question 14

Pulmonary veins are the only veins that carry _____ blood.

Answer 14

oxygenated

Question 15

valve between aorta and left ventricle

Answer 15

aortic valve

Question 16

valve between pulmonary trunk and right ventricle

Answer 16

pulmonary valve

Question 17

AV valve on the left

Answer 17

bicuspid valve

Question 18

AV valve on the right

Answer 18

tricuspid valve

Question 19

heart strings

Answer 19

chordae tindineae

Question 20

the ability of the heart to generate its own rhythm

Answer 20

autorhythmicity

Question 21

spontaneously generate action potentials & fire them off in rhythm

Answer 21

pacemaker cells

Question 22

Where are pacemaker cells found?

Answer 22

mostly in the SA node and the AV node

Question 23

Ventricular contraction begins at _____ and spreads upward.

Answer 23

the apex

Question 24

slow depolarizations that lead up to each action potential

Answer 24

pacemaker potentials

Question 25

What are the most important permeability changes in cardiac muscle?

Answer 25

sodium, potassium, calcium

Question 26

estimate of time of conduction through AV node

Answer 26

P-Q/P-R interval

Question 27

estimate of time ventricles are contracting

Answer 27

QT interval

Question 28

estimate of time ventricles are relaxing

Answer 28

T-Q segment

Question 29

all events associated with the flow of blood through the heart during one heartbeat

Answer 29

cardiac cycle

Question 30

ventricular contraction

Answer 30

systole

Question 31

ventricular relaxation

Answer 31

diastole

Question 32

aortic pressure reaches minimum

Answer 32

diastolic pressure

Question 33

aortic pressure reaches maximum

Answer 33

systolic pressure

Question 34

represents average aortic pressure

Answer 34

MAP

Question 35

represents maximum ventricular volume

Answer 35

end-diastolic volume

Question 36

represents minimum ventricular volume

Answer 36

end-systolic volume

Question 37

autoregulation

Answer 37

intrinsic control

Question 38

SV = _____

Answer 38

EDV - ESV

Question 39

average blood volume

Answer 39

5.5 liters

Question 40

average cardiac output

Answer 40

5 liters/min @ rest

Question 41

volume of blood pumped by each ventricle per minute

Answer 41

cardiac output

Question 42

Heart rate is determined by the _____.

Answer 42

SA node firing frequency

Question 43

At rest, the _____ system dominates heart rate.

Answer 43

parasympathetic

Question 44

During excitement, the _____ system takes over and increases heart rate.

Answer 44

sympathetic

Question 45

What are the primary factors affecting stroke volume?

Answer 45

1. Ventricular contractility 2. End-diastolic volume 3. Afterload

Question 46

The first heart sound occurs when the atrioventricular valves close; thus, it marks _____.

Answer 46

the beginning of systole and and the beginning of isovolumetric contraction

Question 47

Sympathetic and parasympathetic input to the SA node influences _____.

Answer 47

ventricular filling time

Question 48

The second heart sound occurs when the semilunar valves close; thus it marks _____.

Answer 48

the end of the ejection period

Question 49

_____ occurs immediately after diastole.

Answer 49

Isovolumetric contraction