Chapter 8 - Synaptic Transmission & Neural Integration

Question 1

electrical signals transmitted through gap junctions

Answer 1

electrical synapses

Question 2

release of neurotransmitters that activate signal transduction mechanisms

Answer 2

chemical synapses

Question 3

Electrical signal is transferred to adjacent cell by ions flowing through _____.

Answer 3

gap junctions

Question 4

narrow space between presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons

Answer 4

synaptic cleft

Question 5

How wide is a synaptic cleft?

Answer 5

30-50 nm

Question 6

Where are neurotransmitters synthesized?

Answer 6

in the cytosol of the axon terminal

Question 7

EPSP

Answer 7

excitatory postsynaptic potential

Question 8

IPSP

Answer 8

inhibitory postsynaptic potential

Question 9

the summation of input to a neuron that determines whether the neuron will fire an action potential

Answer 9

neural integration

Question 10

two or more postsynaptic potentials fired in rapid succession at the same synapse

Answer 10

temporal summation

Question 11

two or more postsynaptic potentials from different synapses fired at approximately the same time

Answer 11

spatial summation

Question 12

most abundant neurotransmitter in the PNS

Answer 12

acetylcholine

Question 13

ACh

Answer 13

acetylcholine

Question 14

AChE

Answer 14

acetylcholinesterase

Question 15

enzyme that degrades acetylcholine (ACh)

Answer 15

acetylcholinesterase (AChE)

Question 16

Acetylcholine is catalyzed by _____ and breaks down into _____ and _____.

Answer 16

acetylcholinesterase (AChE); acetate; choline

Question 17

What happens to the choline after acetylcholine is degraded?

Answer 17

it is taken back into the presynaptic cell and used to synthesize more acetylcholine

Question 18

What are the two ACh receptors?

Answer 18

nicotinic cholinergic and muscarinic cholinergic receptors

Question 19

How many binding sites for ACh are on nicotinic cholinergic receptors?

Answer 19

2

Question 20

Which catecholamines are primarily released by neurons in the CNS?

Answer 20

dopamine and norepinephrine

Question 21

Which catecholamine is better knows as being released by the adrenal medulla as a hormone?

Answer 21

epinephrine

Question 22

receptors that bind epinephrine and norepinephrine

Answer 22

adrenergic receptors

Question 23

receptors that bind dopamine

Answer 23

dopaminergic receptors

Question 24

Which enzymes degrade catecholamines?

Answer 24

MAO and COMT

Question 25

most abundant neurotransmitter in the CNS

Answer 25

amino acid neurotransmitters

Question 26

_____ is the most commonly released neurotransmitter at excitatory synapses in the CNS.

Answer 26

Glutamate

Question 27

_____ is the most commonly released neurotransmitter at inhibitory synapses in the CNS.

Answer 27

GABA

Question 28

GABA

Answer 28

gamma-aminobuyric acid

Question 29

Action potentials cause _____ channels to open during depolarization.

Answer 29

calcium

Question 30

After an action potential, calcium flows down the electrochemical gradient and increases the cytosolic calcium in the _____.

Answer 30

axon terminal

Question 31

CAT

Answer 31

choline acetyl transferase

Question 32

_____ cholinergic receptors have two binding sites for acetylcholine.

Answer 32

Nicotinic

Question 33

_____ cholinergic receptors operate through the action of a G protein.

Answer 33

Muscarinic