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Physiology > Chapter 6 - The Endocrine System: Endocrine Glands & Hormone Actions > Flashcards

Chapter 6 - The Endocrine System: Endocrine Glands & Hormone Actions Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of tissue makes up the posterior lobe of the pituitary?

A

neural tissue

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2
Q

What kind of tissue makes up endocrine glands?

A

epithelial

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3
Q

Name the secondary endocrine glands.

A
  1. heart
  2. liver
  3. stomach
  4. small intestine
  5. kidney
  6. skin
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4
Q

What kind of tissue makes up the anterior lobe of the pituitary?

A

epithelial

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5
Q

What is another name for the pituitary?

A

hypophysis

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6
Q

neurohormones

A

hormones secreted by neurons instead of endocrine glands

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7
Q

Which lobe of the pituitary acts more like a typical endocrine gland?

A

anterior

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8
Q

Which lobe of the pituitary is connected to the hypothalamus?

A

anterior lobe

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9
Q

PTH

A

parathyroid hormone; parathyroid; increases blood calcium levels

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10
Q

calcitonin

A

thyroid; decreases blood calcium levels

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11
Q

melatonin

A

pineal gland; enhances immune function and exerts suppressive effect on reproductive function

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12
Q

T3/T4

A

thyroid; growth and development/metabolic rate

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13
Q

thymosin

A

thymus; thought to regulate T cell function

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14
Q

What is another name for the adrenal glands?

A

suprarenal glands

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15
Q

What is the outer layer of the adrenal glands called?

A

cortex

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16
Q

Which part of the adrenal gland contains chromaffin cells?

A

medulla

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17
Q

Which part of the adrenal gland is made up of epithelial tissue?

A

cortex

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18
Q

Which part of the adrenal glands secretes catecholamines?

A

medulla

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19
Q

Name the catecholamines.

A
  1. epinephrine
  2. norepinephrine
  3. dopamine
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20
Q

Which part of the adrenal glands secretes adrenocorticoids?

A

cortex

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21
Q

Which gland functions as both an endocrine gland and an exocrine gland?

A

pancreas

22
Q

What are the cell clusters that make up the endocrine pancreas called?

A

islets of Langerhans

23
Q

The islets of Langerhans are the source of which two hormones?

A

insulin and glucagon

24
Q

Which hormone is secreted by beta cells in the pancreas?

A

insulin

25
Q

insulin

A

pancreas; decreases blood glucose levels

26
Q

glucagon

A

pancreas; increases blood glucose levels

27
Q

PRH

A

prolactin releasing hormone; hypothalamus; stimulates anterior pituitary to release prolactin

28
Q

PIH

A

prolactin inhibiting hormone; hypothalamus; inhibits release of prolactin

29
Q

What is another name for prolactin inhibiting hormone?

A

dopamine

30
Q

TRH

A

thyrotropin releasing hormone; hypothalamus; stimulates the release of TSH

31
Q

What is another name for dopamine?

A

PIH (prolactin inhibiting hormone)

32
Q

TSH

A

thyroid stimulating hormone; anterior pituitary; stimulates secretion of thyroid hormones

33
Q

CRH

A

corticotropin releasing hormone; hypothalamus; stimulates release of ACTH

34
Q

ACTH

A

adrenocorticotropic hormone; anterior pituitary

35
Q

ACTH stimulates the secretion of which three types of hormones?

A
  1. glucocorticoids
  2. mineralocorticoids
  3. gonadocorticoids (sex hormones)
36
Q

Which hormone regulates metabolism when the body is stressed?

A

cortisol

37
Q

GHRH

A

growth hormone releasing hormone; hypothalamus; stimulates secretion of growth hormone

38
Q

GH

A

growth hormone; anterior pituitary; regulates growth and energy metabolism; stimulates secretion of IGFs

39
Q

IGF

A

insulin-like growth factors; liver

40
Q

GHIH

A

growth hormone inhibiting hormone; hypothalamus; inhibits secretion of growth hormone (which then decreases IGF)

41
Q

GnRH

A

gonadotropin releasing hormone; hypothalamus; stimulates release of gonadotropins, FSH, and LH

42
Q

Which hormone stimulates ovulation in females?

A

luteinizing hormone

43
Q

LH

A

luteinizing hormone; anterior pituitary

44
Q

Which hormone promotes the development of egg cells in females and sperm cells in males?

A

FSH

45
Q

FSH

A

follicle stimulating hormone; anterior pituitary

46
Q

prolactin

A

anterior pituitary; stimulates mammary gland development and milk secretion

47
Q

Carrier proteins _____ (increase/decrease) the half-life of hormones, which ensures that they are present in the blood for a _____ (shorter/longer) period, by _____ (increasing/decreasing) the rate of the hormones’ metabolism.

A

increase; longer; decreasing

48
Q

In a _____ (primary/secondary) secretion disorder, the abnormality originates in the endocrine gland that secretes the hormone.

A

primary

49
Q

In a _____ (primary/secondary) secretion disorder, the abnormality originates in the endocrine cells or either the anterior pituitary or the hypothalamus, which secrete the tropic hormone.

A

secondary

50
Q

when one hormone opposes the actions of another hormone

A

antagonism

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