Chapter 18 - The Urinary System: Renal Function

Question 1

Kidneys regulate _____ by regulating water volume _____.

Answer 1

MAP; within plasma

Question 2

How much cardiac output do kidneys use during rest?

Answer 2

20%

Question 3

How much of the body’s total ATP usage goes to the kidneys?

Answer 3

16%

Question 4

outer layer of kidney

Answer 4

cortex

Question 5

inner region of kidney

Answer 5

medulla

Question 6

Where do the renal arteries and veins enter and exit the kidneys?

Answer 6

renal hilus

Question 7

Where do the renal veins drain?

Answer 7

into the vena cava

Question 8

epithelial cells that cover glomerular capillaries

Answer 8

podocytes

Question 9

gaps between podocytes

Answer 9

slit pores

Question 10

What are the layers of the glomerular membrane?

Answer 10

capillary endothelial cell layer
epithelial cell layer
basement membrane between other layers

Question 11

movement of filtered solutes and water from lumen of the tubules back into the plasma

Answer 11

reabsorption

Question 12

the plasma concentration of solute at which the transport maximum is exceeded and excess solute appears in the urine

Answer 12

renal threshold

Question 13

The proximal tubule functions as a _____.

Answer 13

mass absorber

Question 14

microvilli of the proximal tubule

Answer 14

brush border

Question 15

micturition

Answer 15

urination

Question 16

the rate at which a solute is excreted

Answer 16

clearance

Question 17

smooth muscle fibers of the bladder

Answer 17

detrusor muscle

Question 18

The detrusor muscle is under _____ control.

Answer 18

autonomic

Question 19

The internal urethral sphincter is under _____ control.

Answer 19

autonomic

Question 20

The external urethral sphincter is under _____ control.

Answer 20

voluntary

Question 21

innervates detrusor muscle

Answer 21

parasympathetic neurons

Question 22

innervates internal urethral sphincter

Answer 22

sympathetic neurons

Question 23

innervates muscles of the external urethral sphincter

Answer 23

somatic motor neurons

Question 24

transport urine from kidneys to bladder

Answer 24

ureters

Question 25

excrete urine from bladder to outside of body

Answer 25

urethra

Question 26

located behind peritoneal membrane

Answer 26

retroperitoneal

Question 27

functional unit of the kidneys

Answer 27

nephron

Question 28

Blood is filtered in the _____.

Answer 28

renal corpuscle

Question 29

capillary network for filtration

Answer 29

golmerulus

Question 30

Where are nephrons located?

Answer 30

in the renal pyramids

Question 31

Which part of the nephron dips into the renal medulla?

Answer 31

loop of Henle

Question 32

The proximal tubule empties into the _____.

Answer 32

loop of Henle

Question 33

Which nephrons create the osmotic gradient?

Answer 33

juxtamedullary nephrons

Question 34

80-85% of nephrons are _____ nephrons.

Answer 34

cortical

Question 35

Which nephron has a short loop of Henle?

Answer 35

cortical

Question 36

cells that contain renin

Answer 36

granular cells

Question 37

The _____ regulates blood volume and blood pressure.

Answer 37

juxtaglomerular apparatus

Question 38

List the arteries from largest to smallest.

Answer 38

1. Renal artery 2. Segmental artery 3. Interlobar artery 4. Arcuate artery 5. Interlobular artery

Question 39

Which exchange takes place from the tubules to the peritubular capillaries?

Answer 39

reabsorption

Question 40

Which exchange takes place from the peritubular capillaries to the tubules?

Answer 40

secretion

Question 41

Glomerular filtration takes place from ____ to _____.

Answer 41

the glomerulus; Bowman's capsule

Question 42

Starling forces favoring filtration

Answer 42

glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure | Bowman's capsule oncotic pressure

Question 43

Starling forces opposing filtration

Answer 43

Bowman's capsule hydrostatic pressure | Glomerular oncotic pressure

Question 44

_____ is a measure of kidney efficiency.

Answer 44

Filtration fraction

Question 45

quantity of a particular solute that is filtered per unit of time

Answer 45

glomerular filtration

Question 46

Most solute reabsorption occurs in the _____.

Answer 46

proximal convoluted tubules