Chapter 14 - The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels, Blood Flow, & Blood Pressure

Question 1

the rate at which the heart pumps blood into the vasculature

Answer 1

cardiac output

Question 2

air flowing out of a balloon or blood flowing through vessels

Answer 2

bulk flow

Question 3

CVP

Answer 3

central venous pressure

Question 4

Blood flow is greater when _____ is lower.

Answer 4

resistance

Question 5

measure of the degree to which the tube hinders flow of liquid through it

Answer 5

resistance

Question 6

decrease in vessel radius

Answer 6

vasoconstriction

Question 7

increase in vessel radius

Answer 7

vasodilation

Question 8

What are the three things that determine resistance?

Answer 8

1. vessel radius
2. vessel length
3. blood viscosity

Question 9

flow rule for systemic circuit

Answer 9

CO = MAP/TPR

Question 10

Flow = _____

Answer 10

pressure gradient/resistance

Question 11

TPR

Answer 11

total peripheral resistance

Question 12

combined resistance of all the blood vessels within the systemic circuit

Answer 12

TPR (total peripheral resistance)

Question 13

Which blood vessels are part of the microcirculation?

Answer 13

arterioles, capillaries, and venules

Question 14

lining of the lumen of a blood vessel

Answer 14

endothelium

Question 15

gives tensile strength to walls of blood vessels

Answer 15

collagen

Question 16

As arteries get smaller, _____ decreases and _____ increases.

Answer 16

elastic tissue; smooth muscle

Question 16

As arteries get smaller, _____ decreases and _____ increases.

Answer 16

elastic tissue; smooth muscle

Question 17

internal diameter of aorta

Answer 17

12.5 mm

Question 18

wall thickness of aorta

Answer 18

2 mm

Question 19

arterial blood pressure

Answer 19

pressure in the aorta

Question 20

pulse pressure (PP) = _____

Answer 20

systolic pressure - diastolic pressure

Question 21

_____ is the average arterial pressure during the cardiac cycle.

Answer 21

Mean arterial pressure (MAP)

Question 22

Resistance to blood flow can be regulated in the _____.

Answer 22

arterioles

Question 23

passageway for blood to enter capillaries

Answer 23

arterioles

Question 24

a condition in which blood flow in a tissue is insufficient to keep up with metabolic demand

Answer 24

ischemia

Question 25

Blood flow gets distributed to organs based on _____.

Answer 25

need

Question 26

Intrinsic control mechanisms are especially important in regulating blood flow to _____.

Answer 26

heart, brain, and skeletal muscles

Question 27

_____ are the primary site for exchange of nutrients & waste products.

Answer 27

Capillaries

Question 28

least permeable of capillaries

Answer 28

continuous capillaries

Question 29

_____ capillaries have no basement membrane.

Answer 29

Discontinuous

Question 30

capillary type found in kidneys, intestines, and endocrine glands

Answer 30

fenstrated

Question 31

capillary type found in spleen, liver, and bone marrow

Answer 31

discontinuous

Question 32

allow blood to flow from arteriole directly to venule, bypassing capillaries

Answer 32

metarterioles or shunts

Question 33

When resistance is high, flow through capillary beds (increases/decreases).

Answer 33

increases

Question 34

NFP

Answer 34

net filtration pressure

Question 35

filtration

Answer 35

blood ---> interstitial fluid (arteriole end)

Question 36

absorption

Answer 36

interstitial fluid ---> blood (venule end)

Question 37

swelling of tissues caused by a shift in fluid from plasma to interstitial fluid

Answer 37

edema

Question 38

osmotic pressure that is exerted by proteins

Answer 38

colloid osmotic pressure

Question 39

the difference in the filtration pressures and the absorption pressures

Answer 39

net filtration pressure

Question 40

Venules consist of a single layer of _____.

Answer 40

endothelium

Question 41

Blood pressure in veins is slightly _____ than in arteries.

Answer 41

lower

Question 42

diameter of vena cava

Answer 42

30 mm

Question 43

wall thickness of vena cava

Answer 43

1.5 mm

Question 44

Veins are _____ reservoirs.

Answer 44

volume

Question 45

Veins have (high/low) compliance.

Answer 45

high

Question 46

_____ have one-way valves that permit blood to flow toward the heart, but prevent it from flowing back toward organs and tissues.

Answer 46

Peripheral veins

Question 47

Factors that Affect Venous Pressure

Answer 47

1. skeletal muscle pump 2. respiratory pump 3. blood volume 4. venomotor tone

Question 48

accumulation of blood in the veins

Answer 48

venous pooling

Question 49

hypertension

Answer 49

elevated MAP