Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

LING 305 > Chapter 14 > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Flashcards

1
Q

a special register with distinctive linguistic properties that is used in certain societies for addressing very young children

A

Child‑directed Speech (CDS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

an online system of resources on language acquisition, including an archive of children’s speech from various languages, programs for data analysis, and instructional materials

A

CHILDES (Child Language Data Exchange System)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

the process by which a linguistic unit, such as an utterance, conversation, or narrative, is produced by more than one person

A

co‑construction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how humans learn and process knowledge; the mental processes that take in information from the environment, use it to form mental representations, and apply this stored knowledge in activities such as thinking, speaking, and remembering

A

cognition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

term used in language acquisition for a type of assimilation in which one consonant is produced with the same place or manner of articulation as a nearby consonant; see vowel harmony

A

consonant harmony

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

the hypothesis in nativist acquisition theory that children have the same syntactic categories and rules as adults from the outset

A

continuity hypothesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

in first language acquisition, research which compares children in different age groups at a single point in time, either in their spontaneous speech or in their performance of an experimental task

A

cross‑sectional research

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

in language acquisition research, obtaining more frequent samples of child speech than is customary, e.g., at least five hours per week

A

dense sampling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

when a linguistic unit, such as a word, phrase, or clause, is not uttered; the “missing” unit can be understood in the speech context by the listener without explicit mention

A

ellipsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

in narrative research, the particular linguistic and non‑linguistic strategies, such as repetition, that the narrator uses to highlight the significance or point of the story, i.e., why it is worth telling

A

evaluative device

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

in narrative research, the function of conveying the significance or point of the story, i.e., why it is worth telling

A

evaluative function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

in language acquisition, a caregiver utterance that provides a fuller, more grammatical version of a preceding child utterance that is incomplete or ungrammatical

A

expansion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

a type of study in which the researcher manipulates linguistic or contextual features to observe the effects on the performance of a particular task

A

experimental research

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

the process by which young children come to know and use the language(s) of their caregivers

A

first language acquisition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

term used in language acquisition to indicate a phonological error pattern in which a child moves consonants forward in the mouth; e.g., pronouncing car [ka?] as [da] by replacing velar [k] with alveolar [d]

A

fronting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

the persistence of the same function (e.g., direct listener’s attention) over time, even though that function may be expressed by different non‑linguistic or linguistic forms as time passes

A

functional continuity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

theories that attribute the process of first language acquisition to general cognitive abilities such as learning and analogy; contrast with nativist theories

A

functional discourse‑based theories of first‑language acquisition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

a gradual process of change in which a particular linguistic form is applied in an increasing number of cases, so that the frequency of the form increases and its function/meaning becomes more general; used in discussing language change and language acquisition

A

generalization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

information that is activated in the listener’s mind because it has just been mentioned or is obvious in context; therefore it is information that the speaker assumes to be already in the focal consciousness of the addressee

A

given informationssee

20
Q

in language acquisition, a phonological error pattern in which a child substitutes the glides [j] or [w] for liquids [l] and [?], e.g., pronouncing lap [læp] as [jæp]; see phonological error pattern

A

gliding

21
Q

lexemes or expressions that share the same form (in spelling, in pronunciation, or in both) but have different senses; e.g., sea and see

A

homonyms

22
Q

the beliefs held by an individual or social group about how children acquire language, e.g., by imitating adult speech

A

ideology of language acquisition

23
Q

the study of how language is learned, includes first language acquisition (the study of how children learn their native language) and second language acquisition (the study of how speakers learn a language that is not their native tongue)

A

language acquisition

24
Q

in language acquisition, a type of error in which a word is applied to a larger number of referents than is appropriate in adult speech; see referent and overextension

A

lexical overextension

25
Q

in first language acquisition, a type of error in which a word is applied to a smaller set of referents than is appropriate in adult speech; see referent and underextension

A

lexical underextension

26
Q

in first language acquisition, a type of research which follows the language development of one or more individual children over time

A

longitudinal research

27
Q

the average number of morphemes per utterance in a sample of speech; used in language acquisition research as a measure of linguistic development

A

Mean Length of Utterance (MLU)

28
Q

forms of stored information/knowledge in the mind, including imaginal forms such as mental images, symbolic forms such as words and grammatical constructions, and physiological forms such as patterns of neural activation in the brain

A

mental representation

29
Q

the production of a narrative by more than one person

A

narrative co‑construction

30
Q

theories of first‑language acquisition based upon the view that innate grammatical structures ( Universal Grammar ) are required to explain the process of first language acquisition; contrast with functional discourse‑based theories of first‑language acquisition

A

nativist theories

31
Q

information a speaker assumes is not already in the focal consciousness of the addressee

A

new information

32
Q

a linguistic context in which the use of a particular morpheme is required in order for the utterance to be grammatically correct

A

obligatory context

33
Q

in language acquisition research, a type of study in which the researcher makes a written, audio, or video record of children’s naturally occurring communicative behaviors

A

observational study

34
Q

in language acquisition, a type of error in which a linguistic form or construction is used in a larger number of contexts than is appropriate in adult speech

A

overextension

35
Q

in language acquisition, a type of error in which the regular form of a morpheme is used in cases that require an irregular form, e.g., goed instead of went

A

overregularization

36
Q

in language acquisition, a consistent difference between the adult and child pronunciation of a phonological unit such as a syllable or speech sound

A

phonological error pattern

37
Q

in nativist linguistic theory, the argument that the speech children hear does not provide sufficient evidence for them to acquire fundamental aspects of linguistic structure through learning; it is therefore assumed that the necessary syntactic information must be innately available as part of Universal Grammar

A

poverty of the stimulus

38
Q

the study of how context shapes our use and interpretation of linguistic expressions; the competence to draw from context plausible inferences, which complement linguistic meanings

A

pragmatics

39
Q

term used in narrative research for the function of recounting who did what to whom, i.e., the sequence of events that comprise the plot of the narrative (its primary referential content); contrasts with evaluative function

A

referential function

40
Q

in language acquisition, caregiver behaviors that support young children’s use of language before they are capable of performing independently, e.g., adult questions that support a child’s telling of a story

A

scaffolding

41
Q

a biologically programmed period of time during which, it is hypothesized, young children are able to acquire language most easily and successfully

A

sensitive period

42
Q

in language acquisition, a type of phonological error pattern in which speech sounds that are difficult to perceive or produce are replaced with ones that are easier to perceive or produce

A

sound substitution

43
Q

a social action that a speaker intends to perform by producing an utterance, such as a command, greeting, or request

A

speech act

44
Q

term used in language acquisition to indicate a phonological error pattern in which a child replaces a fricative or other type of consonant with a stop, e.g., pronouncing English see [si] as [di]

A

stopping

45
Q

in first language acquisition, a type of error in which a linguistic form or construction is applied to a smaller set of referents than is appropriate in adult speech

A

underextension

46
Q

in formal linguistic theories, a set of innate linguistic categories, structures, principles, and constraints that form the basis for the grammars of all languages; in nativist theories of language acquisition, UG is hypothesized to account for children’s first language acquisition

A

Universal Grammar (UG)

47
Q

a cognitive system for temporarily storing and processing information that has just been experienced or recalled; enables performance of tasks such as language comprehension and production, learning, and problem‑solving

A

working memory

LING 305 (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions