Chapter 14- Principles of Disease and Epidemiology

Question 1

the study of disease

Answer 1

pathology

Question 2

the study of the cause of a disease

Answer 2

etiology

Question 3

the development of disease

Answer 3

pathogenesis

Question 4

colonization of the body by pathogens

Answer 4

infection

Question 5

an abnormal state in which the body is not functioning normally

Answer 5

disease

Question 6

may be present for days, weeks or months

Answer 6

transient microbiota

Question 7

permanently colonize the host

Answer 7

normal microbiota

Question 8

the relationship between normal microbiota and the host

Answer 8

symbiosis

Question 9

one organism benefits and the other is uneffected

Answer 9

commensalism

Question 10

both organisms benefit

Answer 10

mutualism

Question 11

one organism benefits and the other is harmed

Answer 11

parasitism

Question 12

some normal microbiota are _____

Answer 12

opportunistic pathogens

Question 13

a competition between mircobes

Answer 13

microbial antagonism

Question 14

how do normal microbiota protect the host?

Answer 14

occupy niches that pathogens could get in
produce acids
produce bacteriocins

Question 15

live microbes applied to or ingested into the body, intended to exert a beneficial effect

Answer 15

probiotics

Question 16

What are Koch’s Postulates?

Answer 16

1-same pathogen must be present in every case of disease
2-pathogen must be isolated from disease host and grown in pure culture
3-pathogen from pure culture must cause the disease when inocculated into healthy subject
4-pathogen must be isolated from subject and be shown to be original organism

Question 17

used to prove the cause of an infectious diease

Answer 17

koch’s postulates

Question 18

some pathogens can cause _____ disease condition

Answer 18

several

Question 19

some pathogens can cause disease only in _____

Answer 19

humans

Question 20

change in body function that is felt by a patient as a result of disease

Answer 20

symptom

Question 21

change in body that can be measured or observed as a result of disease

Answer 21

sign

Question 22

a specific group of signs and symptoms that accompany a disease

Answer 22

syndrome

Question 23

disease that is spread from one host to another

Answer 23

communicable disease

Question 24

disease that is easily spread from one host to another

Answer 24

contagious disease

Question 25

disease that is not transmitted from one host to another

Answer 25

noncommunicable disease

Question 26

symptoms develop rapidly

Answer 26

acute disease

Question 27

disease develops slowly

Answer 27

chronic disease

Question 28

symptoms between acute and chronic

Answer 28

subacute

Question 29

disease with a period of no symptoms when the causative agent is inactive

Answer 29

latent disease

Question 30

pathogens are limited to a small area of the body

Answer 30

local infection

Question 31

an infection throughout the body

Answer 31

systemic infection

Question 32

systemic infection that began as a local infection

Answer 32

focal infection

Question 33

Predisposing factors

Answer 33

short urethra, inherited traits, climate and weather, fatigue, age, lifestyle, chemotherapy

Question 34

may have inapparent infections or latent disease

Answer 34

carriers

Question 35

human continual sources of infection

Answer 35

aids, gonorrhea

Question 36

animal continual sources of infection

Answer 36

rabies, lyme disease

Question 37

nonliving continual sources of disease

Answer 37

botulism, tetanus

Question 38

true false: some zoonoses may be transmitted to humans

Answer 38

true

Question 39

requires close association between infected and susceptible host

Answer 39

direct transmission

Question 40

spread by fomites

Answer 40

indirect transmission

Question 41

transmission via airborne droplets

Answer 41

droplet

Question 42

transmission by an inanimate resevoir

Answer 42

water, food, air | vehicle transmission

Question 43

arthropod carries pathogen on feet

Answer 43

mechanical transmission

Question 44

pathogen reproduces in vector

Answer 44

biological transmission