Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Micro > Chapter 20- Antimicrobial Growth > Flashcards

Chapter 20- Antimicrobial Growth Flashcards

(70 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

the use of chemical drugs to treat a disease

A

chemotherapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

interfere with the growth of microbes within a host

A

antimicrobial drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

a substance produced by a microbe that, in small amounts, inhibits another microbe

A

antibiotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

killing harmful microbes without damaging the host

A

selective toxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

affect a broad range of Gram positive and Gram negative

A

broad spectrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

more selective or limited range

A

narrow spectrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

drugs are selected with limited damage to _____ microbota

A

normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

most common bacteria

A

terracycline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

kills microbes directly

A

bactericidal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

prevent microbes from growing

A

bacteriostatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

action of anitmicrobial drugs

A
  • inhibition of cell wall synthesis
  • inhibition of protein synthesis
  • inhibition of nucleic acid replication and transcription
  • injury of plasma membrane
  • inhibition of essential metabolite synthesis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

penicillins, cephalosporins, bacitracin, vancomycin

A

inhibition of cell wall synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

chloramphenicol, erythryomycin, tetracyclines, streptomycin

A

inhibition of protein synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

quinolones, rifampin

A

inhibition of nucleic acid replication and transcription

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

sulfanimide, trimethoprim

A

inhibition of essential metabolite synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ploymyxin B

A

injury to plasma membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q
  • identified by beta-iactam ring

- susceptible to penicillinase

A

natural penicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

penicillin g

A

requires injection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

penicillin v

A

can be taken orally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

identified by beta iactam ring

more resistant to penicillinase

A

semisynthetic penicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

narrow spectrum
only gram positive
resistant to penicillins

A

oxacillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

many gram negatives

extended spectrum

A

ampicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

microbes resistant to penicillin have ______ activity that breaks down beta iactam ring structure, making the drug useless.

A

penicillianse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

narrow spectrum

act against gram positive bacteria

A

first generation cephalosporins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
extended spectrum | includes gramnegative bacteria
second generation cephalosporins
26
includes pseudomonads | injected
third generation cephalosporins
27
oral
fourth generation cephalosporins
28
topical application | against gram positives
polypeptide antibiotics-bacitracin
29
glycopeptide | important last line against antibiotic resistant S. aureus
polypeptide antibiotics-vancomycin
30
inhibits mycolic acid synthesis | also effective against mycobacterium
antimycobacterial antibiotics-isoniazid
31
inhibits incorporation of mycolic acid
antimycobacterial antibiotics- ethambutol
32
broad spectrum binds 50s subunit inhibits peptide bond formation
chloraphenicol
33
– Streptomycin, neomycin, gentamicin -Broad spectrum – Change shape of 30S subunit, preventing protein synthesis from bacterial ribosome
Aminoglycosides
34
-broad spectrum -Interfere with tRNA attachment, preventing protein synthesis from bacterial ribosome
tetracyclines
35
- Gram-positives | - Bind 50S subunit; inhibit translation
Streptogramins
36
– Structural changes in the membrane, followed by arrest of the synthesis of DNA, RNA, and protein – MRSA
Lipopeptides
37
-topical -combined with bacitracin and neomycin in over-the-counter preparation
Polymyxin B
38
– Inhibits RNA synthesis | – Antituberculosis
Rifamycin
39
– Nalidixic acid: urinary infections – Ciprofloxacin – Inhibit DNA gyrase – Urinary tract infections
Quinolones and fluoroquinolones
40
- Inhibit folic acid synthesis | - Broad spectrum
Sulfonamides (sulfa drugs)
41
Inhibition of cell wall synthesis. – Miconazole – Triazole
antifungal drugs
42
- Targets Ergosterol (a component of the cell wall) - Inhibits other glycoproteins in the cell wall
antifungal drugs
43
– Indinavir: HIV | – Interferes with protein synthesis
antiviral drugs-enzyme inhibitors-protease inhibitors
44
– HIV
antiviral drugs-enzyme inhibitors-integrase inhibitors
45
Amantadine: influenza
antiviral drugs-entry inhibitors-
46
-Zanamivir: influenza | – Block CCR5: HIV
antiviral drugs-entry inhibitors-fusion inhibitors
47
Prevent spread of viruses to new cells | – Alpha interferon: Viral hepatitis
antiviral drugs-interferons
48
promotes interferon production
Imiquimod
49
– Inhibits DNA synthesis | • Malaria
Chloroquine-antiprotozoan drugs
50
Kills Plasmodium sporozoites
antiprotozoan drugs-artemisin
51
Interferes with anaerobic metabolism | • Trichomonas and Giardia
antiprotozoan drugs-metronidazole
52
Interferes with anaerobic metabolism | • Trichomonas and Giardia
Antihelminthic Drugs-niclosamide
53
Alters membrane permeability | -Flatworms
Antihelminthic Drugs- Praziquantel
54
Interfere with nutrient absorption |  Intestinal roundworms
Antihelminthic Drugs- Mebendazole and albendazole
55
 Paralysis of helminths |  Intestinal roundworms
Antihelminthic Drugs- ivermectin
56
Bacterial resistance to antibiotics
- block entry - inactivation by enzymes - alteration of target molecule - efflux of antibiotic
57
• A variety of mutations can lead to
antibiotic resistance
58
Resistance genes are often on _____ or ________ that can be transferred between bacteria
plasmids, transposons
59
Misuse of antibiotics selects for
resistance | mutants
60
Using outdated or weakened antibiotics
misuse of antibiotics
61
– Using antibiotics for the common cold and other | inappropriate conditions
misuse of antibiotics
62
Using antibiotics in animal feed
misuse of antibiotics
63
– Failing to complete the prescribed regimen OR using someone's leftover prescription
misuse of antibiotics
64
occurs when the effect of two drugs together is greater than the effect of either alone
synergism
65
occurs when the effect of two drugs together is less than the effect of either alone
antagonism
66
A growth of cells of one specific microorganisms
Pure culture
67
A medium may be a ____ or _____
Solid or liquid
68
Solid media has
Agar
69
Must be heated to boiling to dissolve but will solidify at 40C
Agar
70
Originating or taking place in a hospital | Acquired in a hospital, especially in reference to an infection
Nosocomial Infection

Micro (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions