Flashcards in Chapter 15-2 Deck (52):
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Pancreatic amylase
Digest carbs
1
Pancreatic lipase
Digest fat
2
Pancreatic nuclease
Digests nucleic acid
3
Trypsin
Digest protein
4
Why must proteolytic enzymes be secreted in an inactive form
Because they digest protein
5
Hormone that stimulates secretion of pancreatic juice with high concentration of bicarbonate ions
Secretin
6
What is the function of bicarbonate ions
Neutralize acid of chyme
7
What's the function of cholecystokinin
Hormone that stimulates secretion of pancreatic juice with high concentration of digestive enzyme
8
Livers functional units
Hepatic lobules
9
State the functions of the liver
Metabolizes carbs, lipids, and proteins
Stores glycogen, iron, vit A, D, and B12
Filters blood
Detoxification
Secretes bile
10
What is the most abundant composition of bile
Bile salts
11
Why don't new bile salts have to be made everyday
90% of bile salts are re absorbed by liver
12
Function of the gall bladder
Stores bile between meals
13
What causes gall stones
Cholesterol in bile may form crystals
14
What is cholecystectomy
Surgical removal of the gall bladder
15
Function of bile salts
Emulsification of fat (breaks it down into smaller droplets)
Aid absorption of fatty acids, cholesterol, and vitamin A,D,E,K
16
Uppermost part, 10 inches long, most fixed portion
Duodenum
17
2nd part, 8 ft long
Jejunum
18
Last part, 12 ft long
Ileum
19
Double layered membrane that suspends and supports small intestine
Mesentery
20
Tiny projections of mucous membrane increasing surface area aiding in absorption
Villi
21
List 3 secretions of the small intestine
Mucus, watery neutral fluid, digestive enzyme
22
Final product villi absorbs
Monosaccharides, amino acids, fatty acids, and glycerol
23
Explain ileocecal sphincter
Muscle that controls the movement of intestine contents from small to large intestine
24
First 2-3 in. Of large intestine
Cecum
25
Narrow tube with closed end projecting from cecum
Vermiform appendix
26
Extends from cecum to anus
Colon
27
Last few centimeters of large intestine
Anal canal
28
Opening to exterior
Anus
29
Compare and contrast structure of small and large intestine
Both composed of same type of tissue
L: lacks Villi and blood vessels
S: has intentional glands
30
Fibers form bands creating a series of pouches
Haustra
31
Functions of large intestine
Secretes muscus
Absorbs water and electrolytes
Stores and forms feces
Bacteria produces vitamins that are absorbed by intestine
32
What r the movements of the large intestine
Peristalsis and mixing occurs but slower
33
chymotrypsin
Digest protein
34
carboxypeptidease
Digest protein
35
What is acute pancreatitis
Blockage in the release of pancreatic juice
36
In acute pancreatitis what builds up in the organ and digests part of pancreas
Trypsinogen
37
Cystic fibrosis
Water is drawn into the cells which dries out secretion in lungs and pancreas leaving a sticky mucus. Either pat person on back to bring mucus up or take digestive enzyme pills to digest food for you
38
Inflammation of the liver
Hepatitis
39
Spreads by contact with food or objects contaminated with virus containing feces
Hepatitis A
40
Spreads by contact with virus containing body fluids such as blood saliva or semen. Transmitted by blood transfusions, needles, or sexual activity
Hepatitis b
41
Most common hepatitis
C
42
Transmitted in blood by sharing razors or needles and people infected suffer from chronic symptoms
Hep c
43
Must have hep B to have this. Associated with blood
Hep D
44
Transmitted in water contaminate with feces in developing nations
Hep E
45
Passes from feces and can infect other primates
Hep F
46
Why can't antibiotic drugs help hep
Antibiotic drugs are good for bacteria. Hep is a virus. U must wait out symptoms or be given interferon (given as drug)
47
What is jaundice
Turns skin and whites of eyes yellow due to buildup of bile pigments
48
What does cellular turnover mean
Small intestines epithelial lining is renewed every 3-6 days. 25% of feces is dead epithelial cells
49
What is appendicitis and what can it lead to
Appendix becomes inflamed and infected
If ruptured the contents of large intestine will enter abdominal cavity causing peritonitis
50
What's lactose intolerance
Lactose remains un digested which creates pressure of intestine contents
50