Chapter 16

Question 0

Spaces in bones of skull opening into nasal cavity

Answer 0

Paranasal sinuses

Question 1

What has to happen to air before it reaches the lungs

Answer 1

Air is cleansed of dirt, warmed to body temp, and moistened

Question 2

Conducts air in and out and prevents foreign objects from entering trachea

Answer 2

Larynx

Question 3

Name the sets of vocal cords and differ between two

Answer 3

False vocal cords-do not produce sound

True vocal cords-produce sound

Question 4

Name and define the properties of sound

Answer 4

Loudness-force when air is expelled from lungs
Pitch-changes as vocal cords vary in length
Quality-formed as a result of vibrations occurring in nose, throat, thorax

Question 5

Flap like structure that covers opening into larynx during swallowing

Answer 5

Epiglottis

Question 6

purpose of ciliates mucus membrane

Answer 6

Lines inner wall and moves particles upward to pharynx

Question 7

Purpose of the cartilage rings

Answer 7

To prevent trachea from collapsing

Question 8

Right and left branch arising from trachea

Answer 8

Primary bronchi

Question 9

Branches of the primary bronchi

Answer 9

Secondary bronchi

Question 10

Finer tubes branches from bronchi

Answer 10

Bronchioles

Question 11

Cluster of small air sacs

Answer 11

Alveoli

Question 12

Separates right and left lung and diaphragm and the thoracic cage encloses them

Answer 12

Mediastinum

Question 13

Differ between visceral pleura and parietal pleura

Answer 13

V.P attaches to lungs surface

P.P lines thoracic cavity

Question 14

Attraction of water molecules on the moist inner surface of alveoli

Answer 14

Surface tension

Question 15

Lipoprotein secreted into alveolar spaces to reduce the chance of collapse

Answer 15

Surfactant

Question 16

Device that measures volume of air that moves in or out of lungs

Answer 16

Spirometer

Question 17

1 inspiration plus the following expiration

Answer 17

Respiratory cycle

Question 18

Volume of air that enters or leaves during a single respiratory cycle (500ml)

Answer 18

Tidal volume

Question 19

Volume of air that Can be inhaled in excess of tidal volume (3000ml)

Answer 19

Inspiratory reserve volume

Question 20

Volume of air that can be exhaled in excess of tidal volume (1100ml)

Answer 20

Expiration reserve volume

Question 21

Volume of air remaining in lungs after deepest expiration (1200ml)

Answer 21

Residual volume

Question 22

State four factors that affect breathing

Answer 22

Respiratory center in brain stem
Chemicals in body fluids
Inflation reflex helps regulate depth of breathing
Emotional upset can alter normal breathing

Question 23

Breathing rapidly and deeply

Answer 23

Hyperventilation

Question 24

What makes up the respiratory membrane

Answer 24

Alveolar and capillary walls

Question 25

Explain the causes of gases to diffuse

Answer 25

Gases diffuse from high partial pressure to lower partial pressure Oxygen diffuses from alveolar air into blood CO2 diffuses from blood into alveolar air

Question 26

3 things that will cause more oxygen to by released

Answer 26

CO2 increases, blood becomes more acidic, blood temp rises

Question 27

Deficiency of oxygen reaching the tissue

Answer 27

Hypoxia

Question 28

3 ways co2 gets transported

Answer 28

Plasma, bound to hemoglobin, and as a bicarbonate ion (hco3)

Question 29

Most efficient way to transport co2

Answer 29

Bicarbonate ions

Question 30

Atmospheric pressure forces air into lungs

Answer 30

Inspiration

Question 31

Pressure inside lungs and alveoli decrease

Answer 31

Inspiration

Question 32

Alveoli pressure falls when diaphragm moves downward

Answer 32

Inspiration

Question 33

Thoracic cage moves up and outward

Answer 33

Inspiration

Question 34

Surface tension

Answer 34

Inspiration

Question 35

Surfactant

Answer 35

Inspiration

Question 36

Elastic recoil of tissue

Answer 36

Expiration

Question 37

Surface tension in alveoli provide the force of

Answer 37

Expiration

Question 38

Thoracic and abdominal wall muscle aid

Answer 38

Expiration

Question 39

Abdominal organs spring back into previous shapes, pushing diaphragm upward

Answer 39

Expiration

Question 40

Passive process

Answer 40

Expiration

Question 41

What happens to the Nasal septum

Answer 41

Straight at birth then as a person grows older, it bends to one side

Question 42

Painful sinus headaches are the result of

Answer 42

Blocked drainage caused by infection or allergic reaction

Question 43

Damage to the nerves that supply the laryngeal muscles can do what

Answer 43

Alter the quality of a persons voice

Question 44

What is laryngitis

Answer 44

Mucous membrane of the larynx becomes inflamed/swollen due to infection or irritation from inhaled vapors and prevents vocal cross from vibrating as freely as before

Question 45

How do one control laryngitis

Answer 45

Inserting a tube into trachea through nose or mouth can restore

Question 46

What is surfactant

Answer 46

Newborns lungs inflate for the first time

Question 47

Why do premature infants suffer respiratory distress syndrome

Answer 47

Don't produce sufficient surfactant

Question 48

How do infants with respiratory distress syndrome survive

Answer 48

They drip synthetic surfactant into tiny lungs through an endotracheal tube

Question 49

What is pneumothorax

Answer 49

A puncture in thoracic wall allows atmospheric air to enter pleural cavity and creates a real space between the membranes

Question 50

What is emphysema

Answer 50

Disease that destroys alveolar walls Decreases surface area of the respiratory membrane and reduces the volume of gases that can be exchanged through the membrane

Question 51

What is lung cancer

Answer 51

Uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells that rob normal cells of nutrients and oxygen

Question 52

Cancers that begun in the lungs

Answer 52

Primary pulmonary cancers

Question 53

Nonrespiratory movements

Answer 53

Sneeze, laughing, hiccup, yawning, coughing

Question 54

What does spirometer measure

Answer 54

Emphysema, pneumonia, and lung cancer

Question 55

What does adding co2 to air stimulates

Answer 55

Rate and depth of breathing

Question 56

Ordinary air co2

Answer 56

.04%

Question 57

What causes hyperventilation

Answer 57

Lowered co2 concentration followed by a rise in pH and decreased blood flow to brain cells

Question 58

How can one determine breath analysis

Answer 58

Respiratory membrane is normally so thin that other chemicals other than co2 can diffuse into alveolar air and be exhaled

Question 59

What happens to the balloons when the rubber sheeting is pulled downward

Answer 59

The balloons inflate with air

Question 60

What happens when the sheeting is pushed upward

Answer 60

The balloons deflate with air

Question 61

When a person hyperventilated in fresh air does her co2 content decrease or increase

Answer 61

Decrease

Question 62

What is cystic fibrosis

Answer 62

Thick, sticky Mucus builds up extremely and blocks airways making it hard to breathe