Flashcards in Chapter 16 Deck (63)
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What has to happen to air before it reaches the lungs
Air is cleansed of dirt, warmed to body temp, and moistened
1
Spaces in bones of skull opening into nasal cavity
Paranasal sinuses
2
Conducts air in and out and prevents foreign objects from entering trachea
Larynx
3
Name the sets of vocal cords and differ between two
False vocal cords-do not produce sound
True vocal cords-produce sound
4
Name and define the properties of sound
Loudness-force when air is expelled from lungs
Pitch-changes as vocal cords vary in length
Quality-formed as a result of vibrations occurring in nose, throat, thorax
5
Flap like structure that covers opening into larynx during swallowing
Epiglottis
6
purpose of ciliates mucus membrane
Lines inner wall and moves particles upward to pharynx
7
Purpose of the cartilage rings
To prevent trachea from collapsing
8
Right and left branch arising from trachea
Primary bronchi
9
Branches of the primary bronchi
Secondary bronchi
10
Finer tubes branches from bronchi
Bronchioles
11
Cluster of small air sacs
Alveoli
12
Separates right and left lung and diaphragm and the thoracic cage encloses them
Mediastinum
13
Differ between visceral pleura and parietal pleura
V.P attaches to lungs surface
P.P lines thoracic cavity
14
Attraction of water molecules on the moist inner surface of alveoli
Surface tension
15
Lipoprotein secreted into alveolar spaces to reduce the chance of collapse
Surfactant
16
Device that measures volume of air that moves in or out of lungs
Spirometer
17
1 inspiration plus the following expiration
Respiratory cycle
18
Volume of air that enters or leaves during a single respiratory cycle (500ml)
Tidal volume
19
Volume of air that Can be inhaled in excess of tidal volume (3000ml)
Inspiratory reserve volume
20
Volume of air that can be exhaled in excess of tidal volume (1100ml)
Expiration reserve volume
21
Volume of air remaining in lungs after deepest expiration (1200ml)
Residual volume
22
State four factors that affect breathing
Respiratory center in brain stem
Chemicals in body fluids
Inflation reflex helps regulate depth of breathing
Emotional upset can alter normal breathing
23
Breathing rapidly and deeply
Hyperventilation
24
What makes up the respiratory membrane
Alveolar and capillary walls
25
Explain the causes of gases to diffuse
Gases diffuse from high partial pressure to lower partial pressure
Oxygen diffuses from alveolar air into blood
CO2 diffuses from blood into alveolar air
26
3 things that will cause more oxygen to by released
CO2 increases, blood becomes more acidic, blood temp rises
27
Deficiency of oxygen reaching the tissue
Hypoxia
28
3 ways co2 gets transported
Plasma, bound to hemoglobin, and as a bicarbonate ion (hco3)
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