Flashcards in Chapter 7 Deck (34):
0
Layer of hyaline cartilage covering the articulating portion of epiphysis
Articulate cartilage
1
Fibrous connective tissue covering the bone
Periosteum
2
Tightly packed tissue in walls of diaphysis
Compact bone
3
Numerous branching bony plates
Spongy (cancellous) bone
4
Name two types of tissue that make up bone
Compact and spongy bone
5
Hollow chamber in diaphysis filled with marrow
Medullary cavity
6
Lines medullary cavity
Endosteum
7
Cylinder shaped unit of bone cells surrounding a central canal
Osteons
8
How are two bone tissues nourished
Central canal contains blood vessels that nourish the osteons.
Spongy bone also contains osteocytes, but no osteons and are nourished by diffusion
9
What are the different bone formations between two bones
Intramembranous bones are flat skull bones that develop from layers of connective tissue membrane
Endochondral bone- most of the bones developed from masses of hyaline cartilage
10
Bone forming cells
Osteoblasts
11
When osteoblasts are surrounded by the matrix and mature
Osteocytes
12
What is the difference from primary than secondary
Primary ossification center appears in diaphysis, while secondary ossification center appears in each epiphyses
13
Band of cartilage that is left between two ossification centers
Epiphyseal plate
14
How long do bones lengthen?
Long bones lengthen until Epiphyseal plates are ossified
15
Bone destruction cells
Osteoclasts
16
State the four main bone functions
Support and protect
Body movement
Blood cell formation
Storage of inorganic salts
17
What is the difference between the two bone marrows
Red marrow forms red cells, white cells, platelets
Yellow marrow stores fat
18
What happens when blood calcium is low? High?
When blood calcium is low, osteoclasts breakdown bone releasing calcium salts
When it is high, osteoclasts form bone tissue and store calcium salts
19
Junctions of cranial bones
Sutures
20
Three tiny bones in each ear (tiniest bones in human body; developed at birth)
Ossicles
21
Serves as attachment for tongue and not attached to any other bone
Hyoid bone
22
Soft spot of babies skull
Fontanels
23
Provides attachment of ribs to thoracic vertebrae
Rib facets
24
Name the three ribs
True ribs-first 7 pair
False ribs- next 3 pair
Floating ribs- last 2 pair
25
Shark ridge on a bone
Spine
26
Structural difference between male and female pelvis
Female coxae are lighter, thinner, and have less muscle attachment
Obturator foramen and acetabulum are smaller and farther apart on females
Female pelvic cavity is wider in all directions
Female sacrum is wider
Female coccyx is more movable
27
Name two main arches
Longitudinal (toe-heel)
Transverse (side to side)
28
What causes arches to fall or for people to have flat feet
Flat feet or fallen arches result from poor prenatal nutrition, excessive weight, fatigue, incorrectly fitted shoes
29
State 3 categories of joints and degree of movement
Fibrous joints-no movement
Cartilaginous joint-allow limited movement (between vertebrae, symphysis pubis, and ribs)
Synovial joints-allow free movement
30
Lubricating fluid between joints
Synovial fluid
31
Shock absorbing pad of fibrocartilage
Meniscus
32
Fluid filled sac between joints
Bursa
33