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Psych 100B > Chapter 15 - Personality Disorders > Flashcards

Chapter 15 - Personality Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

psychological disorders

A

a syndrome marked by clinically significant disturbance in an individuals life (cognition, emotion regulation, behaviour)

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2
Q

medical model

A

the concept that diseases, in this care, psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed , treated, and, in most cases, cured, often through treatment in a hospital

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3
Q

amok

A

in Malaysia, it describes sudden outbursts of violent behaviour

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4
Q

susto

A

latin American term, which is a condition marked by anxiety, restlessness and fear of black magic

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5
Q

taijin kyofusho

A

in Japan, a social anxiety about appearance, combined with a readiness to blush and a fear of eye contact

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6
Q

epigenetics

A

the study of environmental influences on gene expression that occur without a DNA change

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7
Q

classification

A

aims to predict the disorders future course, suggest appropriate treatment and prompt research into its causes

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8
Q

DSM-5

A

the American psychiatric association’s diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fifth edition; a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders. CRITIQUE: turning everything into a disorder

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9
Q

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

A

three times more likely in boys. a psychological disorder marked by extreme inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity

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10
Q

immigrant paradox

A

those that are born into a country that is not their ethnicity are at a higher risk of mental disorder than those who have immigrated.

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11
Q

anxiety disorders

A

psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety, or maladaptive behaviours that reduce anxiety

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12
Q

generalized anxiety disorder

A

an anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal. depression and high blood pressure. women are two times more likely. by age 50, this disorder becomes rare.

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13
Q

panic disorder

A

anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable, minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking or other frightening sensations. often followed by worry over a possible next attack. 1 in 75 people. smokers are two times more likely and show greater symptoms from the nicotine

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14
Q

agoraphobia

A

fear or avoidance of situations in which escape might be difficult when panic strikes

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15
Q

phobia

A

an anxiety disorder marked by persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity or situation

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16
Q

OCD

A

a disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions), actions (compulsions) or both

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17
Q

PTSD

A

a disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawals, jumpy anxiety, numbness of feeling, and/or insomnia. some people are more susceptible to PTSD because they have more sensitive emotion-processing limbic systems that flood their bodies with stress hormones. PTSD patients have a smaller amygdala. twins are more likely to share PTSD cognitive risk factors. odds of getting this disorder are two times more likely for women

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18
Q

survivor resiliency

A

ability to recover after severe stress

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19
Q

stimulus generalization

A

when a person experiences a fearful event and later develops a fear of similar event. Renforcements: help maintain them.

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20
Q

hyperviligant

A

people with anxiety disorders, that blow things out of proportion

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21
Q

anxiety gene

A

affects brain levels of serotonin, a neurotransmitter that influences sleep, mood and attention to negative images.

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22
Q

anterior cingulate cortex

A

a brain region that monitors our actions and checks for errors, seems especially likely to be hyperactive

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23
Q

major depressive disorder

A

a disorder in which a persons experiences, in the absence of drugs or another medical condition, two or more weeks with five or more symptoms, at least one of which must be either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest of pleasure

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24
Q

mania

A

a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state in which a person’s dangerously poor judgement is common. Positive emotions persist abnormally. speech is loud. adivice irritating. in milder forms=creativity. have little need for sleep. fewer sexual inhibitions

25
Q

bipolar disorder

A

a disorder in which a person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania. Americans are twice as likely

26
Q

norepinephrine

A

increases arousal and boosts mood, is scarce during depression and overabundant during mania

27
Q

rumination

A

compulsive fretting; overthinking about our problems and their causes. Thanks to the continuous firing of a frontal lobe area that stimulates attention

28
Q

state dependant memory

A

the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent to ones good or bad mood

29
Q

schizophrenia

A

a psychological disorder that is characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or diminished inappropriate emotional expression.

  • low frontal lobe brain activity
  • dont have selective attention
  • impaired theory of mind
  • men struck 4 years earlier and more severely and more often
  • 3x more likely for abused children
  • abnormal brain tissue
  • genetic predispositions
  • excess dopamine receptors
30
Q

delusion

A

a false belief, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders

31
Q

catatonia

A

remaining motionless for hours then becoming agitated

32
Q

chronic schizophrenia

A

(process schizophrenia) a form of schizophrenia in which symptoms usually appear by late adolescence or early adulthood. as people age, psychotic episodes last longer and recovery periods shorten. poor chance of recovery. display negative symptoms

33
Q

acute schizophrenia

A

(reactive schizophrenia) a form of schizophrenia that can begin at any age, frequently occurs in response to an emotionally traumatic event, and has extended recovery periods. recovery is more likely than chronic. display positive symptoms

34
Q

dissociative disorders

A

controversial, rare disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts and feelings. may result from fugue state

35
Q

fugue state

A

a sudden loss of memory or change in identity, often in response to an overwhemingly stressful situation

36
Q

dissociative identity disorder

A

a rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. formerly called multiple personality disorder

37
Q

personality disorder

A

inflexible and enduring patterns of behaviour that impair social functioning

38
Q

antisocial personality disorder

A

(psychopaths) a personality disorder in which a person (usually a man) exhibits lack on conscience for wrongdoing, even towards friends and family members, may be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con Artist

39
Q

anorexia nervosa

A

an eating disorder characterized by a person (usually female) who maintains a starvation diet despite being significantly underweight, sometimes accompanied by excessive exercise

40
Q

bulimia nervosa

A

an eating disorder in which a person alternates binge eating (usually of high calorie foods) with purging (by vomiting or laxative use) or fasting

41
Q

binge-eating disorder

A

significant binge eating episodes, followed by distress, disgust or guilt, but without purging or fasting that makes bullimia

42
Q

4 ds

A

deviant - recurring behaviours, thoughts, or emotions the deviate from the typical expectations of society

distress - the behaviour that causes distress to oneself or other

dysfunction - the behaviours interferes with daily functioning

danger - the behaviour is dangerous to oneself or other

No single d is suffiecent

43
Q

brain activity during depressed states

A

left frontal lobe is active during positive emotions and is less likely to be active during depressed states.
people with severe depression have smaller than normal frontal lobes

44
Q

serotonin

A

affects mood, hunger, sleep and arousal, scarce during depression

45
Q

prevention or reduction of depression

A

medication that increase norepinephrine or serotonin supplies by blocking their reuptake. increase serotonin levels with repetitive physical exercise

46
Q

social cognitive perspective

A

explores role of thinking and acting

47
Q

positive symptoms of schizophrenia

A

the presence of innapropriate behaviours (hallucination, disorganized or delusional talking)

48
Q

negative symptoms of schizophrenia

A

absence of normally found behaviours (toneless voice, expressionless faces, or mute and rigid bodies)

49
Q

loose associations

A

putting together words that sound alike but dont make sense

50
Q

dopamine over activity

A
  • excess of receptors for dopamine
  • high levels my intensify brain signals and create positive symptoms such as hallucinations and paranoia
  • may underlie patients overreactions to irrelevant external and internal stimuli
51
Q

frontal lobe

A

reasoning, planning, problem solving

52
Q

thalamus

A

filters incoming sensory signals and transmits them to the cortex

53
Q

amygdala

A

fear-processing centre

54
Q

body dysmorphic disorder

A

thinking your disfigured or unattractive when your normal looking. thinks people notices her un real flaws

55
Q

what part of the brain doesn’t function properly in ptsd patients

A
  • the mechanism that shuts down fear response so even small fear stimulus leads to terror.
  • expeierneces may have altered the hippocampus impairing the memories of current life with past traumatic ones
56
Q

what prenatal factor influences the development of schizophrenia

A

any damage in the second trimester

57
Q

people with schizophrenia have……

A

smaller brains and enlarged ventricles

58
Q

paranoid schizophrenia

A

will result in violence or crime

Psych 100B (9 decks)

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