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A&P II > Chapter 15 PPT: Blood Vessels > Flashcards

Chapter 15 PPT: Blood Vessels Flashcards

(94 cards)

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1
Q

What do Arteries do?

A

Carry blood away from the ventricles of the heart

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2
Q

What do Arterioles do?

A

Receive blood from the arteries and carry it to the capillaries

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3
Q

What are Capillaries?

A

Sites of exchange of substances between the blood and the body cells

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4
Q

What are Venules?

A

Receive blood from capillaries and conduct it to veins

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5
Q

What are veins?

A

Receive blood from venules, and carry it back to the atria of the heart

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6
Q

What is angiogenesis?

A

Formation of new blood vessels

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7
Q

Angiogenesis is mainly controlled by

A

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor

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8
Q

Angiogenesis is regulated in the body since

A

excess, deficient, or inapprorpriate blood vessel formation can cause common diseases

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9
Q

What is Promoting Angiogenesis

A

Body secretes VEGH in response to blocked artery

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10
Q

How do you prevent Angiogenesis?

A

Tumors secrete VEGF to noruish themselves.

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11
Q

Arteries description

A

Thick, strong wall, thicker than wall of veins

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12
Q

Three layers of Tunics in Arteries?

A

Tunica Interna . Media. Externa

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13
Q

Arteries give rise to smaller

A

arterioles

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14
Q

Cpillaries are the smallest

A

diameter blood vessels

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15
Q

Capilalries connect the smallest

A

arterioles and smallest venules

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16
Q

Capillaries are extensions of the

A

inner lining of artioles

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17
Q

Capillaries wall consist of

A

endothelium

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18
Q

Capillaries: Cpillary blood flow regulated mainly by

A

precapillary sphincters: smooth muscle surrounding capillary when it branches of arteriole

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19
Q

Capillary substances exchanged by

A

diffusion. Opening sinw alls of capilalries are thin slits found where endothelial cells overlap

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20
Q

Tissues with lower metabolic rate, sucha s cartilage, have fewer

A

capillaries

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21
Q

Capillary arrangement higher the metabolic rate in a

A

tissue

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22
Q

Capillaries exchange

A

gases, nutrients, and metabolic byproducts between blod adn tissue around cells

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23
Q

What is Diffusion?

A

Most important method of transfer

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24
Q

Diffusion: Lipid soluble substances diffuse through

A

cell membrane; water-soluble substances diffuse through membrane channels and slits

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25
What is Filtraction?
Hydrostatic pressure forces molecules through membrane. Pressure derived form ventricular contraction
26
What is Osmosis?
Presence of impermeant solute, such as plasma proteins, inside capilalries creates osmotic pressure
27
Osmotic pressure draws water into
capillaries, opposing filtraction
28
At arteriolar end of capillary...
H2O and other substances leave capillary because hydrostatic pressure > osmotic pressure
29
At venular end of capillary...
H2O enters capillary, because osmotic pressure> hydrostatic pressure
30
What are venules?
Microscopic vessels tha transport blood from capillaries to veins
31
Veins thinner walls than
arteirs
32
Vein; Tunica media is less
developed
33
Veins carry blood under relatively low
pressure
34
Veins function as
blood reservoirs
35
About 2/3 of blood is in
veins and venules at any time
36
Function of Arteriole?
Connects to an artery to a capillary, helps control the blood flow into a capillary by vasoconstricting or vasodilating
37
Function of Venule?
Connects a capillary to a vein
38
What is Atherosclerosis?
Deposit of cholesterol plaque form in inner lining of walls of arteries
39
What is an Aneurysm?
Bulge in the wall of an artery
40
What is Phlebitis
inflammation of a vein
41
What is Varicose Vein?
Abnormal or irregular dilations in superifical veins ; most common in legs
42
What is Blood Pressure?
Force the blood exerts against the inner walls of the blood vessels
43
Arterial blood pressure rises when
ventricles contract
44
Arterial blood pressure falls when
the ventricles relax
45
What is systolic Pressure?
Maximum pressur reached during ventricular contraction
46
What is Diastolic Pressure
Minimum pressure remaining before next ventricular contraction
47
What jis Pulse Pressure
Difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure
48
What is MAP?
Average pressure in arterial system
49
Blood pressure decreases as distance from left ventricle...
increases
50
What is SV?
Volume of blood that enters the arteries with each ventricular contraction
51
What is CO?
Volume of blood didscharged from each ventricle minute
52
What is Peripheral REsistance?
Force of friction between blood adn walls of blood vessels
53
Blood pressure must overcome peripheral resistance in order to
flow
54
What is Viscosity?
Difficulty with which molecules of fluid flow past each other
55
Blood pressure id determined by
Cardiac Output x Peripheral REsistance
56
What is Hypertension?
Long-Lasting Elevated Arterial Blood Pressure
57
Hypertension contributes to formation of
atherosclerosis
58
Blood pressure decreases as blood moves through the
arterial system and into the capillary network
59
What is Venous Blood Flow
Only partly a direct result of heart action.
60
Pressure in the right atrium is called
central venous pressure
61
All veins except those returning into the heart from lungs drain into the
right atrium
62
Pulmonary Circuit Path
Right Ventricle Pulmonary Trunk Right and left Pulmonary Arteries Pulmonary Arterioles Pulmonary Capillaries Pulmonary Veins Left Atrium
63
Blodo in pulmonary arteries and arterioles is low in
O2 and high in Co2
64
Gas exchange occurs in
pulmonary capillaries
65
Blood in pulmonary venules nd veins is right in
O2 and low in CO2
66
Systemic Circuit: Oxygen rich blood moves from
left atrium to left ventricle
67
Systemic Circuit: contraction of left ventricle sends blood into
systemic circuit
68
Systemic Circuit: Path
Left Ventricle -> Aorta -> All arteries -> systemic capilalries -> systemic vein -> right atrium
69
Largest artery in the body?
Aorta
70
What supplies blood to brain, heck and neck
Subclavian, common carotid
71
Cerebral Arterial Circle (Circle of Willis) joins the
carotid and vertebral artery systems
72
What artery gives off branches in the neck
subclavian artery
73
Blood reaches the thoracic wall via branches of several vessels including the
subclavian artery and thoracic aorta
74
The abdominal aorta divides into the
common iliac arteries, which supply blood to the pelvic organs and lower limbs
75
Common iliac artery divides into the
internal iliac artery adn external iliac artery
76
External iliac arteries provide the major blood supply to the
lower limbs
77
External jugular veins drain blood from the
face, scalp, and superficial neck
78
What drains blood form the brain, and deep portions of the face and neck
Internal jugular veins
79
What two systems of veins drain the upper limb and shoulder
Deep Set of Veins and Superficial Set of Veins
80
What consists of the Deep Set of Veins?
Digital Veins -> Radial and Ulnar Veins -> Brachail Veins
81
What makes up the Superficial Set of Veins?
Anastomoses in Palm and Wrist -> Basilic and Cephalic Veins
82
Abdominal and Thoracic Walls are drained by
Tributaries of the Brachiocephalic and Azygos Veins
83
Azygos Veins draind irectly into the
superior vena cava
84
Portal veins are unusual in that they do not
transport blood directly to the heart
85
Abdominal viscera drained by pathway called
hepatic portl system
86
Blood from lower limbs drians into
deep and superficial group of veins
87
What are the Deep set of veins in the lower limb?
Veins in foot -> Anterior and Posterior Tibial Veins -> Popliteal Vein -> Femoral Vein -> External Iliac Vein
88
What are the Superficial Set of Veins in Foot?
Veins in foot -> Small and grreat saphenous veins
89
What is Marfan syndome?
Involves abnormal type of protein fibrillin, which can weaken the wall of the aorta
90
What is Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Inherited overgrowth of myocardium, caused by abnormal myosin chain in cardiac muscle
91
What is Inherited Deficiency of Mitochondrial Enzyme that breaks down fatty acids
Heart failure results from inability to breakd own long-chain fatty acids
92
What is Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Abnormal LDL receptors on lvier cells do not take uo cholesterol from blood; results in high cholesterol, coronary artery disease
93
What is Coronary Artery Disease?
Disease involving deposition of cholesterol plaque on inner walls of coronary arteries
94
Where cna a pulse be taken?
Radial Artery Brachial Artery

A&P II (10 decks)

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