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A&P II > Chapter 15 PPT: The Heart > Flashcards

Chapter 15 PPT: The Heart Flashcards

(80 cards)

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1
Q

HEart Pumps Blood through the blood vessels in what order

A 
Arteries
Arterioles
Capilalries
Venules
Veins
Back To Heart
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2
Q

Cardiovascular refers to both

A

heart and blood vessels

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3
Q

Blood vessels form what two circuits

A

Pulmonary Circuit

Systemic Circuit

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4
Q

What is the Pulmonary Circuit

A

Transports oxygen-poor blood from heart to lungs and back to heard

Blood picks up O2 in lungs and drops off CO2

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5
Q

What is the Systemic Circuit

A

Transports oxygen-rich blood from heart to all body cells, and back to heart

Blood delivers nutrients to cells and removes waste

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6
Q

The left side of teh heart contains

A

oxygen-right blood

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7
Q

The right side of the heart contains

A

oxygen-poor blood

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8
Q

BLood Runs through 2 Circuits:

A

Pulmonary Circuit to lungs, and systemic circuit to body cells

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9
Q

Heart is located in the

A

mediastinum of the thoracic cavity, superior to the diaphragm

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10
Q

Heart contains what 4 chambers

A 
2 Atria (Upper Chambers)
2 Ventricles (Lower Chambers, Pumping Action)
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11
Q

Heart location: Posterior to the

A

sternum

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12
Q

Heart location: Medial to the

A

lungs

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13
Q

Heart location: Anterior to the

A

vertebral column

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14
Q

Heart location: base leis beneath the

A

2nd rib

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15
Q

Heart location: apex lies at the

A

5th intercostal space

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16
Q

What is the Pericardium?

A

Covering over heart and large blood vessels

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17
Q

What is the Fibrious Pericardium

A

Outer layer, thrat surrounds double-layered serous membrane

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18
Q

What is the Parietal Pericardium?

A

Deep to fibrious pericardium; outer layer of serous membrane

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19
Q

What is the Visceral Pericardium?

A

Iner layer of serous membrane

Attached to surface of ehart, also called epicardium

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20
Q

The heart has how many distict layers?

A

Three

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21
Q

Three layers of the heart?

A

Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium

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22
Q

What is the Epicardium?

A

Outer layer of heart

Also called Visceral Pericardium

Thin Layer

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23
Q

What is the Myocardium?

A

Middle layer composted of cardiac mscle tissue

Thickest layer

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24
Q

What is the Endocardium?

A

Inner layer that forms inner lining of heart chamber’‘Thin Layer

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25
What occurs in the Atria?
Thin-walled upper chambers; receive blood returning to heart
26
What are the Auricles?
Flap-like projection from Atria, which allow atrial expansio
27
What are ventricles
Thick-walled lower chambers; pump blood into arteries
28
What occurs in the right atrium?
Receives blood returning form sysemic circuit (from the superior and inferior vena cavae and coronary sinus) ; pumps blood to right ventricle
29
What occurs in the right ventricle
Receives blood from the right atrium, pumps blood to lungs
30
What occurs in Left Atrium?
Receives blood from pulmonary veins; pumps blood to left ventricle
31
What occurs in Left Ventricle?
Receives blood form the left atrium; pumps blodo to systemic circuit
32
Tricuspid Valve Location?
Right antrioventricular Orifice
33
Tricuspid Valve Function
Prevents blood from moving from the right ventricle into the right atrium during ventricular contraction
34
Pulmonary Valve Locaiton
Entrance to Pulmonary Trunk
35
Pulmonary Valve Function
Prevents blood from moving from the pulmonary trunk into the right ventricle during ventricular relaxation
36
Mitral Valve Location
Left Atrioventricular Orifice
37
Mitral Valve Function
Prevents blood from moving form the left ventricle into the left atrium during ventricular contraction
38
Aortic Valve Location
Entrance to Aorta
39
Aortic Valve Function
Prevents blood from moving from the aorta into the left ventricle during ventricular relaxation
40
The left and right coronary arteries supply
blood to tissues of the heart
41
The coronary artieres are first 2 branches of the
aorta
42
HEart actions are regulated so that
atric contract (atrial systole) while ventricles relax (ventricular diastole)
43
When ventricles contact (ventricular systole) , the atria
relax (artial diastole)
44
What is a Left Ventricular Assist Device
Mechanical heart-heart, used in some cases temporarily until donor heart is available
45
What is a Implantable Replacement Heart
Titanium and plastic artiifal heart, used in people that cannot have heart transplant and do not have long to live
46
What is a Stem Cell Technology
Cardiac muscle tissue can now be cultured from altered somatic cells or form stem cells. This may allow "stem cell heart patches" in the future
47
During Artial Systole and Vesticular diastole
Ventricles relaxed A-V valves opena nd semilunar valves close 70% blood flows from atria to ventricles Atrial systole pushes remaining 30% of blood into the ventricles
48
What occurs during ventricular systole and atrial diastole
AV Valves close Chordae Tendineae prevents back flow Atria relax Ventricular pressure increases and opens the semilunar valve
49
Heart sounds are due to
closing of heart valves and vibrations associated with a suden slowing of blood flow during contraction
50
What is the lubb sound?
Occurs during ventricular systole | Associated with closing of AV Valves
51
What is the DUBB sound?
Occurs during ventricular diastole Associated with closing of pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
52
What is a murmur
Abnormal heart sound serived from incomplete closure of cusps of a valve
53
What is a functional syncytium?
A mass of merging cells that function as a unit
54
What are the two masses in the heart
In the atrial walls, called atrial syncytium In the ventricular walls, called the ventricular syncyitium
55
What is the Cardiac Conduction System?
A group of clumps and strands of specialized cardiac muscle tissue, which initiates and distribute simpulses throughout the myocardium
56
What is the SA Node?
Pacemaker ; initiates rhythmic contractions of the heart
57
What is the Internodal Artial Muscle?
Conducts impulses from SA node to atria
58
What is the Junctional Fibers?
Conduct impulses form SA node to AV node?
59
What is the AV Node
Conducts impulses to AV bundle; delays impulse, so that atria finish contracting before ventricles contract
60
What is the AV bundle
COnducts impulses rapidly between SA Node and Bundle branches
61
What is the LEft and Right Bundle Branches
Split off from AV Bundle, conduct impulses to Purkinje fibers on both sides of heart
62
Purkinje Fibers, what is it
Large fibers that conduct impulses to ventricular myocardium
63
When Purkinje fibers stimulate muscle cells,
ventricles contract with twisting motion
64
What is a ECG?
A recording of electrical changes that occur in the myocardium during the cardiac cycle
65
What is the P Wave?
Artrial depolarization, occurs just prior to atrial contraction
66
What is a QRS Complex?
Ventricular depolarization; occur sjust prior to ventricular contraction
67
What is a T Wave?
Ventricular repolarization; occurs just prior to ventricular relaxation
68
What normally controls the heart rate
SA Node
69
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic fibers modify theheart rate in response to changing conditions, such as
Physical Exercise Body Temperature Fight or Flight Concentration of K and Ca
70
What do Parasympathetic Impulses do?
Via vagus nerve decreases heart rate due to influence on SA and AV Nodes
71
What do Sympathetic Impulses do?
Via accelerate nerves increase hr due to influence on SA and AV nodes and Ventricular Myocardium
72
Cardiac control center regulates
autonomic impulses to the heart
73
What is an Arrhythmias?
Altered heart rhythms
74
What if Fibrillation?
uncoordinated, chaotic conraction of small areas of myocardium Atrial fibrillation not life-threatening
75
What is Tachycardia?
Abnormally fast heartbeat > 100 beats/min
76
What is Bradycardia?
Abnormally slow heartbeat , <60 beats/min
77
What is Flutter?
Rapid, regular contraction of a heart chamber, 250-350 beats/min
78
What is a Premature Beat?
Beat that occurs before expected in normal cardiac cycle; often originates from ectopic regions of heart
79
What is Ectopic Pacemaker?
Damage to SA node may lead to AV node taking over and acts as secondayr pacemaker , 40-60 /min
80
What is a Artifical Pacemaker?
Device used to treat disorders of cardiac conduction system; implantable and battery-powered

A&P II (10 decks)

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