Chapter 19: REspiratory System

Question 1

Parts of Upper respiratory tract?

Answer 1

Nose
Nasal Cavity
Sinuses
Pharynx
Larynx

Question 2

Parts of lower respiratory tract?

Answer 2

Trachea
Bronchial Tree
Lungs

Question 3

Pharynx location

Answer 3

space posterior to the nasal cavity, oral cavity, and larynx

Question 4

3 portions of pharynx?

Answer 4

Nasopharynx
oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

Question 5

The larynx moves air

Answer 5

in and out of the trachea

Question 6

larynx houses the

Answer 6

vocal cords

Question 7

three cartilages in larynx?

Answer 7

Thyroid: Largest cartilage
Cricoid ; below thyroid cartilage
Epiglottic: part of flap like epiglottic

Question 8

description about false vocal cords

Answer 8

upper folds

no sound production

Question 9

description about true vocal cords

Answer 9

lower folds
vocal sounds
opening between them

Question 10

Path of the Bronchial Tree

Answer 10

Right and Left Primary Bronchi
Secondary or Lobar Bronchi
Tertiary or Segmental Bronchi
Intralobular Bronchioles
Terminal Bronchioles
Respiratory Bronchioles
Alveolar Ducts
Alveolar Sacs
Alveoli

Question 11

Lobes in right and left lungs?

Answer 11

3/2

Question 12

What is the hilum?

Answer 12

REgion on medial surface of each lung through which bronchus and large blood vessels enter

Question 13

What is the visceral pleura?

Answer 13

Inner layer of serous membrane, attaches to surfface of lung

Question 14

What is the parietal pleura

Answer 14

outer layer of seorus membrane, lines thoracic cavity

Question 15

What is the pleural cavity

Answer 15

potential space between visceral and parietal pleura

Question 16

What is the force that moves air into the lungs?

Answer 16

Atmospheric pressure

Question 17

When respiratory muscles are at rest, how are atmospheric and alveolar pressure?

Answer 17

Equal

Question 18

If presure inside the alveoli decreases, atmospheric pressure pushes ir

Answer 18

into the airwasy

phrenic nerves stimulate the diaphargm to contract forward

Question 19

Atmospheric pressure intra-aovelar 1 m hG above atmopsheric means

Answer 19

air will be forced out of the lungs

Question 20

What is Spirometry?

Answer 20

Different degrees of effiort in breathing more different volumes of ir in and out of lungs

Question 21

What are the 3 respiratory volumes

Answer 21

Tidal volume, inspiratiory reserve volume, and expiratory reserve volume

Question 22

What is anatomic dead space?

Answer 22

Air inrespiratory tract that remains in conduction structures adn does not reach alveoli

Question 23

What is alveolar dead space

Answer 23

air in respiratory tract that reaches nonfunction alveoli

Question 24

what is whysiologic dead space

Answer 24

total of anatomical and aveolar dead space

Question 25

What is Emphysema?

Answer 25

Progresive, degenerative disease in which alveolar walls are destroyed

Question 26

What controls breathing?

Answer 26

Groups of neurons in the brainstem

Question 27

MAinrespiratory areas?

Answer 27

Medullary Respiratory Center | Pontine REspiratory Groups

Question 28

Basic rhythm of breathing is derived form the

Answer 28

ventral respiratory group

Question 29

Dorsal respiratory group stimulates muscles of

Answer 29

inspiration

Question 30

Pontine respiratory group limits during of

Answer 30

each inspiration

Question 31

What are central chemocreceptors

Answer 31

In ventral part of medulla oblongata Mainly monitor pH in the brain

Question 32

What are peripheral chemoreceptors?

Answer 32

Mainly sense changes in blood o2

Question 33

What is Inflation Reflex?

Answer 33

Helps regulate depth of breathing. This prevents overinflation of the lungs during forced breathing

Question 34

Most of the wall of an alveolus consists of a layer of

Answer 34

simple squamous epithelium

Question 35

Gas exchange between alveolar air and the blood occurs through the

Answer 35

respiratory membrane

Question 36

What is Pneumonia?

Answer 36

Infection of the lungs, which alveoli swell due to edema

Question 37

What is Tuberculosis?

Answer 37

Bacterial lung infection in which dense connective tissue "tubercles" form around infection sites . Lungtissue is destroyed

Question 38

What is Atelectasis?

Answer 38

Blood vessels collapse along with lung

Question 39

What is Acute REspiratory Distress Syndrome?

Answer 39

Form of acetlectasis, in which alveoli collapse

Question 40

Partial pressure differences cause oxygen to

Answer 40

diffuse rom an alveolus into the blood

Question 41

What is the Chloride shift?

Answer 41

As negative charged bicarbonate ions diffuse out of RBCs, chloride ions from plasma diffuse into the cells. This maintains the electrial cahrge in RBCs