Chapter 16

Question 1

Exorcism

Answer 1

involving incantations and prayers said over the individual’s body by a priest/religious figure

Question 2

Trephining

Answer 2

a hole was made in the skull to release spirits from the
body. This often lead to death

Question 3

Asylums

Answer 3

the first institutions created for the specific purpose of housing people with
psychological disorders

Question 4

1954

Answer 4

antipsychotic medications were introduced

Question 5

1975

Answer 5

Mental Retardation Facilities & Community Mental Health Centers Construction Act

Question 6

Deinstitutionalization

Answer 6

the closing of large asylums, by providing for people to stay in their communities and be treated locally

Question 7

Involuntary treatment

Answer 7

therapy that is not the individuals choice

Question 8

Voluntary treatment

Answer 8

the person chooses to attend therapy to obtain relief from
symptoms.

Question 9

Sources of psychological treatment

Answer 9

community mental health centers, private or
community practitioners, school counselors, school psychologists or school social workers, group therapy

Question 10

Psychodynamic
psychotherapy

Answer 10

Talk therapy based on belief
that the unconscious and
childhood conflicts impact
behavior

Question 11

Play therapy

Answer 11

Psychoanalytical therapy
wherein interaction with toys is used instead of talk; used in child therapy

Question 12

Behavior therapy

Answer 12

Principles of learning applied
to change undesirable
behaviors

Question 13

Cognitive therapy

Answer 13

Awareness of cognitive
process helps patients
eliminate thought patterns that lead to distress

Question 14

Cognitive-behavioral therapy

Answer 14

Work to change cognitive
distortions and self-defeating
behaviors

Question 15

Humanistic therapy

Answer 15

Increase self-awareness and
acceptance through focus on
conscious thoughts

Question 16

Free Association

Answer 16

Patient relaxes and then says whatever comes to mind at the moment.

Question 17

Transference

Answer 17

patient transfers all the positive or negative emotions associated with their
other relationships to the psychoanalyst

Question 18

Aversive conditioning

Answer 18

uses an unpleasant stimulus to stop an undesirable behavior

Question 19

Systematic desensitization

Answer 19

type of exposure therapy wherein a calm and pleasant
state is gradually associated with increasing levels of anxiety-inducing stimuli

Question 20

Rational-Emotive Therapy (RET)

Answer 20

one of the first forms of cognitive-behavioral therapy,
founded by Albert Ellis

Question 21

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)

Answer 21

works to change cognitive distortions and self-
defeating behaviors. (Aims to change both how people think and how they act)

Question 22

Non-directive therapy

Answer 22

therapist does not give advice or provide interpretations but
helps client identify conflicts and understand feelings

Question 23

Atypical antipsychotics

Answer 23

treat the negative symptoms of schizophrenia such as
withdrawal and apathy, by targeting both dopamine and serotonin receptors

Question 24

Electroconvulsive therapy

Answer 24

induces seizures to help alleviate severe depression

Question 25

Psycho-educational groups

Answer 25

groups with a strong educational component. E.g., group for children whose parents have cancer which
teaches them about cancer

Question 26

Holistic treatment

Answer 26

addresses multiple needs, not just the drug addiction, due to psychological, physiological, behavioral, and social aspect of abuse