Chapter 13

Question 1

Industrial Psychology

Answer 1

Studies job characteristics, applicant characteristics, and how to match them; also studies employee training and performance appraisal.

Question 2

Organizational psychology

Answer 2

Studies interactions between people working in organizations and effects of those interactions on productivity.

Question 3

Cattell

Answer 3

founded the Psychological Corporation, a psychological consulting company

Question 4

Munsterberg

Answer 4

published Psychology and Industrial Efficiency (1913), which covered employee selection, employee training, and effective advertising

Question 5

Scott

Answer 5

one of the first psychologists to apply psychology to advertising, management, and personnel selection.

Question 6

Elton Mayo

Answer 6

Conducted studies at Western Electric’s Hawthorne Work (1929-1932).

Question 7

Hawthorne Effect

Answer 7

The increase in performance of individuals who are noticed, watched, and paid attention to by researchers or supervisors.

Question 8

Kurt Lewin

Answer 8

Researched effects of leadership styles, team structure, and team dynamics.

Question 9

Job analysis

Answer 9

accurately describing the task/job

Question 10

Task oriented

Answer 10

lists in detail the tasks that will be performed for the job

Question 11

work oriented

Answer 11

describes characteristics required of the worker to successfully perform the job (e.g., knowledge, skills, abilities)

Question 12

O*Net

Answer 12

database of previously compiled job analyses for different jobs and occupations

Question 13

Performance appraisals

Answer 13

evaluation of an employee’s success or lack of success at
performing the duties of the job

Question 14

Bona Fide Occupational Qualification (BFOQ)

Answer 14

Requirement of certain occupations for which denying an individual employment would otherwise violate the law, such as requirements concerning religion or sex

Question 15

Scientific management

Answer 15

theory of management that analyzes and synthesized
workflows with the main objective of improving economic efficiency, especially labor
productivity

Question 16

Theory X

Answer 16

manager assumes workers are inherently lazy and unproductive; managers
must have control and use punishments

Question 17

Theory Y

Answer 17

manager assumes workers are people who seek to work hard and productively; managers and workers can find creative solutions to problems; workers do not need to be controlled and punished

Question 18

Douglas McGregor (1960)

Answer 18

Combined scientific management and human relations into the notion of leadership behavior

Question 19

Donald Clifton

Answer 19

Researched how an organization can best use an individual’s strengths.

Question 20

Strength based management

Answer 20

approach that focuses on employees strengths

Question 21

Bass (1985)

Answer 21

characteristic of leaders who focus on supervision and organizational goals achieved
through a system of rewards and punishments

Question 22

Team halo effect

Answer 22

teams are given credit for their success but individuals within a team are blamed for team failures