Chapter 10

Question 1

Motivation

Answer 1

the wants or needs that direct behavior toward a goal.

Question 2

Intrinsic motivation

Answer 2

Behaviors are performed because they bring a sense of personal satisfaction

Question 3

Extrinsic motivation

Answer 3

Behaviors are performed in order to receive something from others.

Question 4

Overjustification effect

Answer 4

intrinsic motivation is diminished when extrinsic motivation is
given

Question 5

William James

Answer 5

Proposed the instinct theory of motivation, asserting that behavior is driven by instincts
(which aid survival).

Question 6

Yerkes-Dodson Law

Answer 6

task performance is best when arousal levels are in a middle range, with difficult tasks best performed under lower levels of arousal and simple tasks best performed under higher levels of arousal.

Question 7

Self efficacy

Answer 7

an individual’s belief in her own capability to complete a task

Question 8

Bandura

Answer 8

Theorized that self-efficacy plays a role in motivating behavior

Question 9

Need for achievement

Answer 9

drives accomplishment and performance

Question 10

Need for affiliation

Answer 10

encourages positive interactions with others

Question 11

Need for intimacy

Answer 11

causes us to seek deep, meaningful relationships

Question 12

Satiation

Answer 12

feeling of fullness and satisfaction causing eating behavior to stop.

Question 13

Metabolic rate

Answer 13

the amount of energy that is expended in a given period of time

Question 14

Set point theory

Answer 14

each individual has an ideal body weight/set point, which is resistant to
change

Question 15

Bulimia nervosa

Answer 15

Involves engaging in binge eating behavior, followed by attempts to compensate for the large amount of food consumed. “Normal” weight range

Question 16

Anorexia Nervosa

Answer 16

Maintenance of body weight below average through starvation and/or exercise.

Question 17

Hypothalamus

Answer 17

The hypothalamus plays an important role in motivated behavior, including sex

Question 18

Kinsey scale

Answer 18

used to categorize an individuals sexual orientation.

Question 19

Excitement

Answer 19

arousal phase (erection,
lubrication)

Question 20

Plateau

Answer 20

Increased swelling and blood
flow to labia minora, pre-ejaculatory fluid

Question 21

orgasm

Answer 21

rhythmic contractions,
ejaculation

Question 22

resolution

Answer 22

return to unaroused state

Question 23

Sexual orientation

Answer 23

emotional and erotic
attraction toward another individual

Question 24

Gender identity

Answer 24

one’s sense of being male or female

Question 25

Gender dysphoria

Answer 25

diagnosis describing individuals who do not identify as the gender that most people would assume they are.

Question 26

Transgender hormone therapy

Answer 26

use of hormones to make one’s body look more like the opposite-sex.

Question 27

Components of emotion

Answer 27

physiological arousal, psychological appraisal, and subjective experiences

Question 28

James-Lange Theory

Answer 28

Emotions arise from physiological arousal.

Question 29

Cannon-Bard Theory

Answer 29

Physiological arousal and emotional experience occur simultaneously, yet independently.

Question 30

Empirical Findings

Answer 30

Individuals with spinal cord injuries (incapable of receiving autonomic feedback) could still experience emotion but in some it was less intense

Question 31

Schachter-Singer Two-Factor Theory

Answer 31

Emotions are composed of two factors: physiological and cognitive.

Question 32

Lazarus’ Cognitive-Mediational Theory

Answer 32

Emotions are determined by our appraisal of the stimulus.

Question 33

Hypothalamus

Answer 33

involved in activation of the sympathetic nervous system

Question 34

thalamus

Answer 34

sensory relay center, neurons project to both the amygdala and higher cortical regions for further processing

Question 35

Amygdala

Answer 35

plays a role in processing emotional information and sending it on to cortical structures.

Question 36

hippocampus

Answer 36

integrates emotional experience with cognition

Question 37

Cultural display rule

Answer 37

culturally specific standards that govern the types and frequencies of displays of emotions that are acceptable