Chapter 16 Epidemiology

Question 1

The study of where & when diseases occur and how they are transmitted within populations =

Answer 1

Epidemiology

Question 2

Study of the causes of diseases =

Answer 2

Etiology

Question 3

Epidemiology includes -

Answer 3

Etiology

Question 4

Epidemiology wasn’t established until the -

Answer 4

Mid 1800s

Question 5

Sites where pathogens are maintained as a source of infection =

Answer 5

Reservoirs

Question 6

Is it possible for a pathogen to have more than 1 reservoir?

Answer 6

Yes

Question 7

How many types of reservoirs? What are they called?

Answer 7

3.

Animal Reservoir,
Human Carriers,
Nonliving Reservoir.

Question 8

Diseases that naturally spread from animal hosts to humans =

Answer 8

Zoonoses

Question 9

Most pathogens have preferred host, or what you’d call a-

Answer 9

Definitive Host

Question 10

When a non-infected person get’s contaminated by another person and can give it to others even though they themselves aren’t infected by it =

Answer 10

Passive Carrier

Question 11

A infected person gives an infection to another person =

Answer 11

Active Carrier

Question 12

Active carrier who doesn’t show symptoms =

Answer 12

Asymptomatic

Question 13

A pathogen going from a a reservoir / portal of exit to another person’s portal of entry =

Answer 13

Transmission

Question 14

How many groups of transmission are there? What are they called?

Answer 14

3.

Contact Transmission,
Vehicle Transmission,
Vector Transmission.

Question 15

Transmission within a single person (EX: Warts spreading from one site of the body to another) =

Answer 15

Autoinoculation

Question 16

Pathogens transmitted from a mother to their child during pregnancy, birth, or breastfeeding =

Answer 16

Vertical Direct Transmission

Question 17

Types of direct transmission that aren’t between mother and child =

Answer 17

Horizontal Direct Transmission

Question 18

Inanimate objects that are inadvertently used to transfer pathogens to new hosts =

Answer 18

Fomites

Question 19

The distance of droplet transmission is limited to-

Answer 19

Less than a meter from the body

Question 20

Spread of pathogens by air, drinking water, food, and body fluids handled outside the body =

Answer 20

Vehicle Transmission

Question 21

When pathogens travel more than 1 meter via an aerosol =

Answer 21

Airborne Transmission

Question 22

Sneezing, coughing, air-conditioning systems, sweeping dust particles into the air are all-

Answer 22

Aerosols

Question 23

Vehicle transmission via food and/or water can be described by the term-

Answer 23

Fecal-Oral Transmission

Question 24

Vector transmission can be-

Answer 24

Biological or Mechanical

Question 25

Mechanical Vectors =

Answer 25

The passive transmission of a pathogen from a bug to a human

Question 26

Biological Vectors =

Answer 26

The active transmission of a pathogen from a bug to a human

Question 27

Disease occurrence is tracked using what 2 measurements?

Answer 27

Incidence & Prevalence

Question 28

Number of new cases of a disease in a given area during a given number of time =

Answer 28

Incidence

Question 29

Number of total cases of a disease in a given area during a given period of time =

Answer 29

Prevalence

Question 30

State of being diseased =

Answer 30

Morbidity

Question 31

Number of diseased people out of a standard number of people in the population =

Answer 31

Morbidity Rate

Question 32

Few, scattered, or isolated cases =

Answer 32

Sporadic

Question 33

Local, Common, Non-Compact Case Locations =

Answer 33

Endemic

Question 34

Local Outbreak, Compact Case Locations =

Answer 34

Epidemic

Question 35

Pandemic =

Answer 35

Global Spread, Compact Case Locations All Over

Question 36

HAI’s (Hospital Associated Infections) are also known as-

Answer 36

Nosocomial Infections