Physical Growth Requirements (Chapter 8 + 9)

Question 1

Each microbe has a certain range of temperatures in which it will be able to -

Answer 1

Grow

Question 2

Lowest temp at which an organism can conduct metabolism =

Answer 2

Minimum Growth Temp

Question 3

Usually results in slow growth =

Answer 3

Minimum Growth Temp + Maximum Growth Temp

Question 4

When temp exceeds this value, an organisms proteins become denatures and it dies =

Answer 4

Maximum Growth Temp

Question 5

Temp at which an organism’s metabolic activities produce the highest growth rate =

Answer 5

Optimal Growth Temp

Question 6

Microbes can be classified or distinguished from one another based on the-

Answer 6

Temp range at which a microbe can grow

Question 7

Best below 15c. Can even grow below 0c. Die above 20c =

Answer 7

Psychrophiles

Question 8

Algae, fungi, archaea + bacteria living in snowfields, ice, cold water =

Answer 8

Psychrophiles

Question 9

Tolerate but don’t grow best in cold. Typically grow best from 20-25c but range is from 0-45c =

Answer 9

Psychrotolerants (Psychotrophs)

Question 10

Listeria monocytogenes + Bacterial pathogen that grows in refrigerated food =

Answer 10

Psychrotrophs

Question 11

Grow best between 20-40c =

Answer 11

Mesophiles

Question 12

Most human pathogens =

Answer 12

37c

Question 13

Grow above 45 =

Answer 13

Thermophiles

Question 14

Grow above 80c =

Answer 14

Hyperthermiles

Question 15

Thermophiles + Hyperthermophiles are not-

Answer 15

Pathogens

Question 16

Psychrophiles don’t cause-

Answer 16

Disease

Question 17

Scale or range of free H+ or free OH- ions in a solution =

Answer 17

pH

Question 18

The more H+, the more-

Answer 18

Acidic

Question 19

The more the OH-, the more -

Answer 19

Basic (Alkaline)

Question 20

Below 7 =

Answer 20

Acidic

Question 21

7 =

Answer 21

Neutral

Question 22

Above 7 =

Answer 22

Basic/ Alkaline

Question 23

Microbes are sensitive in changes to-

Answer 23

Acidity

Question 24

Grow best in a neutral range around neutral pH =

Answer 24

Neutrophiles

Question 25

Most bacteria + Most protozoa + Most Pathogens =

Answer 25

Neutrophiles

Question 26

Neutrophiles grow between-

Answer 26

6.5-7.5

Question 27

Grow best in acidic environments =

Answer 27

Acidophiles

Question 28

Most bacteria + Most Fungi =

Answer 28

Acidophiles

Question 29

Live in alkaline soils + water =

Answer 29

Alkaliphiles

Question 30

Grow up to 11.5 =

Answer 30

Alkaliphiles

Question 31

Vibrio Cholerae (Up to 9) =

Answer 31

Alkaliphile

Question 32

Pressure exerted on a semi-permeable membrane by a solution containing solutes that can’t freely cross the membrane =

Answer 32

Osmotic Pressure

Question 33

Hypotonic solutions have-

Answer 33

Lower solute concentrations

Question 34

When a cell is placed into a hypotonic solution it -

Answer 34

Swells

Question 35

Hypertonic solutions have -

Answer 35

Greater solute concentrations

Question 36

When a cell is placed into a hypertonic solution it-

Answer 36

Shrivels

Question 37

Osmotic pressure restricts organisms to-

Answer 37

Certain Environments

Question 38

Require high salt =

Answer 38

Obligate Halophile

Question 39

Tolerates high salt =

Answer 39

Facultative Halophile

Question 40

Staphylococcus aureus tolerates up to what % of salt in order to colonize the skin?

Answer 40

20%

Question 41

The Staphylococcus aureus is a -

Answer 41

Facultative Halophile

Question 42

Protects cells from osmotic pressure =

Answer 42

Cell wall

Question 43

Cell wall is important because it-

Answer 43

Protects against the transport of water

Question 44

The force water exerts on the cell membrane =

Answer 44

Osmotic pressure

Question 45

When there’s more solutes inside the cell than outside, water-

Answer 45

Moves into the cell and causes it to burst

Question 46

When there’s more solutes inside the cell than outside, water moves into the cell in order to-

Answer 46

Establish equilibrium

Question 47

When the cell membrane shrink and detaches itself from the cell wall =

Answer 47

Plasmolysis

Question 48

Plasmolysis occurs in-

Answer 48

Hypertonic Solutions

Question 49

Very salty/ sugary foods cause cells to -

Answer 49

Lose water

Question 50

Cell shrinkage is reversible but will eventually lead to-

Answer 50

Cell death

Question 51

What’s essential for obligate aerobes?

Answer 51

Oxygen

Question 52

Oxygen is deadly for-

Answer 52

Obligate Anaerobes

Question 53

Oxidation can cause irreparable damage to to certain cells like-

Answer 53

DNA Damage + Damage Lipids (Cell Membrane Damage)

Question 54

Toxic forms of oxygen are highly reactive + excellent oxidizing agents. True or false?

Answer 54

True

Question 55

Obligate Aerobes are also called Obligate Anaerobes =

Answer 55

= Strict Aerobes = Strict Anaerobes

Question 56

Microaerophiles require oxygen levels of-

Answer 56

2-10 %

Question 57

Chemical processes that occur within a living organism to maintain life=

Answer 57

Metabolism

Question 58

How can facultative anaerobes survive without oxygen being present?

Answer 58

By making enzymes that detoxify oxygen’s poisonous forms + being able to switch between methods of energy production

Question 59

How can aerotolerant anaerobes survive with the presence of oxygen?

Answer 59

By making enzymes the detoxify the poisonous forms

Question 60

Catabolic reaction -

Answer 60

Releases energy

Question 61

Anabolic reaction -

Answer 61

Requires energy

Question 62

Breaking down molecules =

Answer 62

Catabolic reaction

Question 63

Building Molecules =

Answer 63

Anabolic Reaction

Question 64

Substances that increase the likelihood of chemical reaction =

Answer 64

Catalyst

Question 65

Organic Catalysts =

Answer 65

Emzymes

Question 66

What always ends with the suffix -ase ?

Answer 66

Enzymes

Question 67

The energy required to initiate a chemical reaction =

Answer 67

Enzyme

Question 68

Break molecules by adding water (hydrolysis) =

Answer 68

Hydrolase’s

Question 69

Ligands (Polymerase’s) join-

Answer 69

Molecules

Question 70

Make their own food, photosynthetic organisms =

Answer 70

Autotrophs

Question 71

Catabolize organic molecules acquired from other organisms =

Answer 71

Heterotrophs

Question 72

Adenosine Triphosate (ATP) =

Answer 72

Energy currency in the cell

Question 73

Simple sugars like glucose are great to be converted to-

Answer 73

ATP