Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

BIO 172 prof. Wells > Chapter 16 [ EXAM #2 ] > Flashcards

Chapter 16 [ EXAM #2 ] Flashcards

(69 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

is the somatic nervous system fast or slow

A

fast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

is the autonomic nervous system fast or slow

A

slow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

is the somatic nervous system conscious or unconscious

A

conscious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

is the autonomic nervous system conscious or unconscious

A

unconscious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

function: somatic nervous system

A

control of skeletal muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

function: autonomic nervous system

A

control of visceral effectors, coordinates organ systems, maintains homeostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the HQ of the autonomic nervous system?

A

hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

the hypothalamus is the HQ of what nervous system?

A

the hypothalamus is the HQ of the autonomic nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

somatic efferent innervation and autonomic efferent innervation are different because of this structure…

A

no ganglia in somatic motor division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

does somatic efferent innervation have a fast or slow impulse

A

the somatic motor division has a fast impulse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

does autonomic efferent innervation have a fast or slow impulse

A

the visceral motor division has a slow impulse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

does somatic efferent innervation have a large or small diameter

A

the somatic motor division has a large diameter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

does autonomic efferent innervation have a large or small diameter

A

the autonomic motor division has a small diameter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

are the axons in somatic efferent innervation myelinated or unmyelinated

A

myelinated in somatic motor division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

are the axons in autonomic efferent innervation myelinated or unmyelinated

A

both myelinated and unmyelinated in visceral motor division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what NTs are released in the somatic motor division

A

acetylcholine (ACh)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what NTs are released in the autonomic efferent innervation

A

acetylcholine (ACh)

and norepinephrine (NE) in post-ganglion only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

describe: pre-ganglionic neuron

A

in ANS

synapses with postganglion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

location: pre-ganglionic neuron

A

SC or brainstem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

location: post-ganglionic neroun

A

in PNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

function: post-ganglionic neuron

A

fibers extend from ganglion to visceral effectors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

the hypothalamus regulates pre-/post-ganglionic neurons

A

pre-ganglionic neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

diff. between neurons extending from CNS to effector in SNS and ANS

A

SNS: one lower motor neuron with no ganglia

ANS: two motor neurons, one pre-ganglionic body in CNS and one ganglionic body in PNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

diff. between neuron axons in SNS and ANS

A

SNS: thick myelinated fast

ANS: pre- thin, w/ myelin, slow
post- thinner, unmyelinated, slow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
response of effectors in SNS and ANS
SNS: excitation only ANS: excitation and inhibition
26
two divisions of ANS
sympathetic and parasympathetic
27
the sympathetic division is also referred to as...
thoracolumbar division T1 -> L2
28
the parasympathetic division is also referred to as...
craniosacral (cranial [3, 7, 9, 10] and sacral [S2 - S4])
29
quote for sympathetic division
fight or flight
30
quote for parasympathetic division
rest and digest
31
site of origin of SNS and ANS pre-ganglion neurons
lateral gray horn
32
location of pre-ganglionic axons in sympathetic division
ventral gray horn to the sympathetic chain ganglia
33
the sympathetic chain ganglia is also called...
paravertebral ganglia
34
function: sympathetic chain ganglia
long ganglionic neuron axons control effectors in body walls, thoracic cavity, head, limbs
35
function: collateral ganglia
long ganglionic neuron axons innervate tissues and organs in abdominopelvic cavity
36
function: adrenal gland medulla
pre-ganglionic axon goes to adrenal medulla; synapse on neuroendocrine cells → neurotransmitters (Epi, NE) released into blood (function as hormones): effects throughout body
37
splanchnic nerves are formed by
pre-ganglionic axons
38
target organs of sympathetic chain ganglia (paired)
visceral effectors: body walls, thoracic cavity, head, limbs
39
target organs of collateral ganglia (unpaired)
visceral effectors in abdominopelvic cavity
40
target organs of suprarenal medullae (paired)
organs and systems throughout body
41
describe sympathetic activation
[ see a bear ] ``` ↑ alertness, feelings of energy ↓ digestive and urinary system activity ↑ heart rate and perfusion To sk. muscles, heart ↑ resp rate and bronchodilation ↑ sweat glands, ↓ salivary glands ``` Dilated pupils Mobilization of energy reserves Stimulates UMNs in cort. spinal tracts!
42
location and division associated with terminal ganglion
close to effector parasympathetic
43
location and division associated with intramural ganglion
within organ wall parasympathetic
44
describe post-ganglionic axons in parasympathetic division
short for brief and local effects all effect one target organ
45
describe pre-ganglionic axons in parasympathetic division
long few branches terminal and intramural
46
three parasympathetic cranial nerves that control structures in head
facial oculomotor glossopharyngeal
47
the nerve that supplies thoracic and abdominal organs and provides 75% of all parasympathetic overflow
vagus cn. X
48
function: vagus cn. X
supplies thoracic and abdominal organs and provides 75% of all parasympathetic overflow
49
parasympathetic sacral pre-ganglionic neurons innervate....
kidneys urinary bladder large intestine rectum reproductive organs
50
describe parasympathetic activation
Relaxation, food processing, and energy absorption Constriction of pupils ↑ digestive gland secretion ↑ secretion of hormones: promote nutrient absorption Anabolism: glycogenesis, lipogenesis ↑ specific blood flow & glandular activity: digestion, sexual arousal ↑ in digestive tract sm.muscle activity Defecation Contraction of urinary bladder, urination Respiratory passageway constriction ↓ heart rate and force of contraction to low normal
51
general contrast of sympathetic and parasympathetic
Parasympathetic: brief, more localized impact Relaxation, food processing, and energy absorption Innervates specific visceral structures Little branching of preganglionic axons Sympathetic: Widespread, longer lasting impact Increase alertness, energy, prepares for emergency Preganglionic branching: reaches organs and tissues throughout body, distribution through circulation
52
function: cholinergic receptors
binds ACh nicotinic muscarinic
53
function: adrengic receptors
binds Epi and NE from adrenal gland
54
which cholinergic neurons release ACh
all pre-ganglionic neurons in ANS all parasympathetic ganglionic neurons some sympathetic ganglionic neurons: sweat, blood vessels, sk. muscles
55
function of nicotinic ACh receptors
always excitatory (ion channels open)
56
function of muscarinic ACh receptors
excitatory inhibitory of cardiac muscle
57
epinephrine is also referred to as...
adrenaline
58
function of beta-2 agonist
mimics NT
59
function of beta-1 antagonist
opposes normal NT effect
60
what is dual innervation
instructions from both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions, one can be more dominant
61
one example of dual innervation is in...
autonomic plexuses
62
one example of parasympathetic only (independent innervation)
lacrimal glands
63
three examples of sympathetic only (independent innervation)
sweat glands adrenal medulla blood vessels
64
what is autonomic tone
parasympathetic and sympathetic both maintain some continual activity regulated by hypothalamus effects activity of organ esp. in dual innervation where parasympathetic might increase and sympathetic might decrease
65
what are autonomic (visceral) reflexes
unconscious, automatic responses to control visceral functions
66
two examples of autonomic reflexes
cardiovascular reflex micturition reflex (i.e. pee-pee)
67
describe sympathetic pre-ganglion axons
short lots of branching
68
describe sympathetic post-ganglion axons
long extend to target visceral organs
69
location of autonomic ganglia for sympathetic and parasympathetic
sympathetic = near spinal cord parasympathetic = near effectors

BIO 172 prof. Wells (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions