Chapter 16-Mammals

Question 1

What term refers to an animal being capable of moving their bodies from place to place?

Answer 1

Motile

Question 2

What term refers to an animal being attached to one location but are able to move the environment (air and water) toward themselves for the purpose of trapping food?

Answer 2

Sessile

Question 3

Many living things possess the quality of:

Answer 3

Symmetry

Question 4

What kind of symmetry can be cut in half in only one plane to make each half like the other?

Answer 4

Bilateral symmetry

Question 5

What kind of symmetry an be cut in half in any way you wish, and you will always have the same shape on one side as on the other?

Answer 5

Radial symmetry

Question 6

What kind of symmetry display great variation in form, changing shape almost constantly, and literally means without symmetry?

Answer 6

Asymmetrical

Question 7

What division of animals are animals with a backbone?

Answer 7

Vertebrates

Question 8

What division of animals are animals without a backbone?

Answer 8

Invertebrates

Question 9

Vertebrates, which make up only about 3% of all animals, include the more familiar animals:

Answer 9

Mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish

Question 10

All vertebrates have an internal framework, or skeleton, called an ______________ made of bone or cartilage or a combination of the two.

Answer 10

Endoskeleton

Question 11

What term refers to animals with four appendages or limbs attached by special bones to the body at the hips and shoulders?

Answer 11

Tetrapods

Question 12

Modern evolutionists usually place vertebrates within a slightly larger group known as the phylum ___________________, which is made on the basis of embryonic similarities.

Answer 12

Chordata

Question 13

Animals of the class ______________, are the most familiar and most dominant group of vertebrates on the earth today, are warm-blooded, have hair, and are provided with special glands for producing milk, has lungs, a four-chambered heart, a pair of limbs, and seven neck vertebrae.

Answer 13

Mammals

Question 14

What kind of glands, as well as all glands of a mammal’s body, are specialized epithelial cells.

Answer 14

Mammary glands

Question 15

What term refers to an animal that regulates its temperature by internal mechanisms (altering blood flow, shivering, sweating, panting, etc.)?

Answer 15

Warm-blooded

Question 16

What term refers to an animal that must regulate its temperature by external factors (such as lying in the sun when its body temperature is too low or cooling off in the shade when its temperature is too high)?

Answer 16

Cold-blooded

Question 17

All mammals are considered to be:

Answer 17

Warm-blooded

Question 18

Warm-blooded animals are said to be _______________, because the ability to regulate their temperature internally allows warm-blooded animals to maintain a stable body temperature regardless of their environment.

Answer 18

Homeothermic

Question 19

Biologists characterize ______________ as living organisms that move from place to place in their environment, mainly for the purpose of obtaining food.

Answer 19

Animals

Question 20

What is the special ability that mammals have where their body temperature falls within a degree or two of the freezing point, and their respiration and heartbeat slow as well?

Answer 20

Hibernation

Question 21

Warm-blooded animals such as mammals need the efficiency provided by a ______________ heart.

Answer 21

Four-chambered

Question 22

What are the flesh-eating animals that feed on herbivores?

Answer 22

Carnivores

Question 23

What are the plant-eating animals?

Answer 23

Herbivores

Question 24

What are the animals that are both plant-eaters and flesh-eaters?

Answer 24

Omnivores

Question 25

As the fertilized egg moves through the oviduct toward the uterus, it divides many times, increasing the number of cells until it is a hollow sphere of cells, called a:

Answer 25

Blastula

Question 26

In most orders of the placental mammals the region of implantation between the developing young and the tissues of the uterus will become the ____________, half of which will belong to the young and half will be the mother's.

Answer 26

Placenta

Question 27

The embryo takes form when the blastula forms three distinct layers of cells called the ______________. From these three layers of cells, all of the body parts will be formed.

Answer 27

Primary germ layers

Question 28

What are the three primary germ layers?

Answer 28

Ectoderm (outer layer), Mesoderm (middle later), Endoderm (inner layer)

Question 29

What is the outer layer of the primary germ layer where the cells in it will specialize into the nervous system, sensory organs, and skin?

Answer 29

Ectoderm

Question 30

What is the middle layer of the primary germ layers where the cells in it will specialize into muscle, bone, blood, lymph vessels, reproductive organs, and kidneys?

Answer 30

Mesoderm

Question 31

What is the inner layer of the primary germ layers where the cells in it specialize to become the digestive tract, respiratory tract, urinary bladder, and urethra?

Answer 31

Endoderm

Question 32

During the embryos growth, it is surrounded by a fluid called the _______________. Thus fluid absorbs the shocks that are created when the mother runs or is bumped by an object?

Answer 32

Amniotic fluid

Question 33

When the embryo is later in its development, when it is recognized as a young individual, it is called a:

Answer 33

Fetus

Question 34

The entire period of growth from fertilization to birth is called the:

Answer 34

Gestation period

Question 35

What is connects the fetus to the placenta that will be cut by the mother, freeing the newborn from the mother?

Answer 35

Umbilical cord

Question 36

Mammals that bear their young Alvie and nourish them during development are called:

Answer 36

Viviparous

Question 37

What kind of mammals do not bear their young alive?

Answer 37

Oviparous

Question 38

What are the three major categories of mammals based on the way the developing young are nourished?

Answer 38

Placental mammals Egg-laying mammals Pouched mammals

Question 39

What are the largest living land animals, and are the mammals with trunks?

Answer 39

Elephants

Question 40

What are the enlarged incisor teeth of elephants, made of ivory?

Answer 40

Tusks

Question 41

What are the dugongs and manatees often called because they graze like it, and can be seen in shallow waters of tropical rivers, lagoons, and sea coasts?

Answer 41

"Sea cows"

Question 42

The echidna and duckbill platypus are the only ____________ in existence.

Answer 42

Oviparous (egg-laying)

Question 43

What is the slowest land mammal, with a usual speed of 6 to 8 feet per minute?

Answer 43

Ai

Question 44

What term refers to an animal that is active during the daytime?

Answer 44

Diurnal

Question 45

What is the term that refers to animals that are active at night?

Answer 45

Nocturnal

Question 46

What us pouched mammal referred to as:

Answer 46

Marsupials

Question 47

What are the young marsupials raised in?

Answer 47

Marsupium

Question 48

What is the largest living marsupial?

Answer 48

Kangaroo

Question 49

What term refers to an animal that eats insects?

Answer 49

Insectivorous

Question 50

What is one order of small mammals that gets its name from the insect-eating habits of its members?

Answer 50

Insectivorous

Question 51

The smallest mammal is believed to be the:

Answer 51

Pygmy shrew

Question 52

What are some examples of the pouched mammals?

Answer 52

``` Kangaroos, Opossums, Wombats, Koalas, Numbats ```

Question 53

What are some examples of the insect-eating mammals?

Answer 53

Shrews, Hedgehogs, Moles

Question 54

What is an example of the flying mammals, that spend longer periods of uninterrupted hibernation than any other mammal?

Answer 54

Bats

Question 55

What are the two main categories of marine mammals?

Answer 55

Baleen whales, | Toothed whales

Question 56

What kind of whales have two rows of comblike plates that hang like curtains from each side of the upper jaw?

Answer 56

Baleen whales

Question 57

What is the world's largest animal, that may attain a length of 110 feet and a weight of more than 150 tons?

Answer 57

Blue whale

Question 58

What kind of whales include such marine animals as sperm whales, killer whales, dolphins, and porpoises, and can be up to 65 feet long?

Answer 58

Toothed whales

Question 59

The sperm whale's huge head contains a large amount of a waxy substance known as _________________, that was once used as a lamp oil, as a lubricant, and as a base for cosmetics.

Answer 59

Spermaceti

Question 60

The sperm whale's intestinal tract produces a grayish, waxy material known as _______________ that is often found floating in tropical seas and was once used to make perfumes.

Answer 60

Ambergris

Question 61

The sound produced by dolphins is sent through the ______________, a fatty organ in the bulge of the head.

Answer 61

Melon

Question 62

What are the two rows of comblike plates that hang like curtains from each side of the upper jaw in a certain kind of whale?

Answer 62

Baleen

Question 63

What are some examples of tree-dwelling mammals?

Answer 63

Apes, Monkeys, Lemurs

Question 64

What kind of tree-dwelling mammals are primates without tails?

Answer 64

Apes

Question 65

What kind of tree-dwelling mammal is the most familiar primates with tails, vary widely in size and behavior, possess a prehensile tail, and their nostrils are widely spaced?

Answer 65

Monkeys

Question 66

What kind of tail do monkeys possess that is designed for grasping objects?

Answer 66

Prehensile tail

Question 67

What kind of tree-dwelling mammals are an unusual kind of primate which live in only one area--Madagascar and nearby islands?

Answer 67

Lemurs

Question 68

What kind of mammals are the small, gnawing mammals which have two pairs of sharp, chisel-like incisor teeth?

Answer 68

Rodents

Question 69

What are some examples of rodents?

Answer 69

``` Mice, Rats, Capybaras, Squirrels, Woodchucks, Gophers, Beavers, Porcupines ```

Question 70

Rats are a grave concern to health officials, because rats carry diseases fatal to man such as:

Answer 70

Bubonic plague, Food poisoning, Typhus

Question 71

What kind of gnawing mammal is the largest rodent?

Answer 71

Capybaras

Question 72

What are the nocturnal animals of tropical jungles, that is about the size of a domestic cat, having a slender body, a long neck, and a doglike head, and is the longest-gliding mammal, that is able to glide several hundred yards at a time?

Answer 72

Flying lemurs

Question 73

What kind of mammals have teeth similar to those of rodents, but have four incisors in the upper jaw instead of two, and are herbivores?

Answer 73

Lagomorphs

Question 74

Three examples of lagomorphs are:

Answer 74

Hares, Rabbits, Pikas

Question 75

What is the group of rabbit-sized, herbivorous mammals, look somewhat like short-eared rabbits, but their teeth are arranged differently than those of lagomorphs, and have hoofs on their toes and pads on the soles of their feet?

Answer 75

Hyrax

Question 76

Some of the most valuable mammals to man are those whose toes end in _______________ (enlarged and thickened toenails).

Answer 76

Hoofs

Question 77

Hoofed animals are called _______________, and scientists divide them into two groups, acceding to the number of ties that they have, and most of them have been designed as swift runners, because they need a means of escape from predators.

Answer 77

Ungulates

Question 78

What is the group of ungulates that gave an even number functional toes?

Answer 78

Artiodactyla

Question 79

What is the group of ungulates that has an odd number of functional toes?

Answer 79

Perissodactyla

Question 80

What are three examples of odd-toed hoofed (Perissodactyla) mammals?

Answer 80

``` Rhinoceroses, Tapirs, Horses, Zebras, Donkeys ```

Question 81

What kind of odd-toed hoofed mammal is a member of the equine family, and is a single-toed Perissodactyl?

Answer 81

Horses

Question 82

Many artiodactyls have ____________, solid hornlike structures which are shed annually, and are bony elevations on the skull of the deer.

Answer 82

Antlers

Question 83

Many artiodactyls have _____________, hollow structures which are usually permanent and thus not shed, and are composed of hollow sheaths of keratinize epidermal cells that surround a core of bone arising from the skull.

Answer 83

Horns

Question 84

What term refers to the habit of hastily chewing and swallowing food which is later regurgitated and chewed more thoroughly?

Answer 84

"Chew the cud"

Question 85

Animals which chew cud are _____________, which have a stomach that is divided into four sections.

Answer 85

Ruminants

Question 86

What is the first and largest division of the four sections of a ruminants' stomach, which holds the unchewed food until it can be masticated thoroughly?

Answer 86

Rumen

Question 87

What is the skin covering rich in blood vessels that covers the antlers, and is called this because if its appearance?

Answer 87

Velvet

Question 88

What is the largest of all the deer?

Answer 88

Alaskan bull moose

Question 89

What are three examples of artiodactyls?

Answer 89

Bovids, Camels, Deer

Question 90

The domestic breeds of cattle are all different breeds of _____________, a name for wild cattle.

Answer 90

Oxen

Question 91

The process used by microorganisms to break down cellulose is called:

Answer 91

Fermentation

Question 92

In horses (Perissodactyls) and rabbits (lagomorphs), a special side pocket, called a ________________, lies near the stomach to provide for a fermentation chamber.

Answer 92

Cecum

Question 93

The ruminants possess a special _______________ in which fermentation take place.

Answer 93

Four-chambered stomach

Question 94

When the food is in the rumen, it is acted upon by a rich supply of bacteria and firmed into small balls called:

Answer 94

Cud

Question 95

In general, _____________ lead a more active life than herbivores.

Answer 95

Carnivores

Question 96

What are some examples of flesh-eating animals (carnivores)?

Answer 96

``` Bears, Dogs, Wolves, Weasels, Wolverines, Cats, Seals, Walruses ```

Question 97

What animal is considered the largest land-dwelling carnivore?

Answer 97

Alaskan brown bear

Question 98

What is the name for the dog family?

Answer 98

Canine

Question 99

What are the aquatic carnivores?

Answer 99

Seals

Question 100

A type of animal or plant that is no longer found alive on earth is said to be:

Answer 100

Extinct

Question 101

Types of animals and plants that still exist today but are in danger of extinction are said to be:

Answer 101

Endangered

Question 102

An example of a controversial "endangered species" protected by the law is the ______________, a type of small owl that is fairly abundant in the western United States.

Answer 102

Spotted owl