Chapter 5- Variety in the World of Plants

Question 1

Who devised a simple practical method of classification for use by scientists?

Answer 1

Carolus Linnaeus

Question 2

Who devoted much of his time to natural studies and became very well known for his work with plants?

Answer 2

John Ray

Question 3

The process of arranging organisms into groups based on similarities

Answer 3

Taxonomy

Question 4

All living things are grouped into 7 main divisions from broad to specific. What is the order?

Answer 4

Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

Question 5

Definition of kind:

Answer 5

A group f similar organisms that are descended from a single group of originally created animals.

Question 6

Linnaeus’s system for assigning a scientific name

Answer 6

Binomial System of Nomenclature

Question 7

Eager to apply a new philosophy to the classification of organisms,scientists began to devise a host of______ evolutionary relationships.

Answer 7

Hypothetical

Question 8

The evolutionary classification:

Answer 8

All organisms are placed into one of three large domains

Question 9

Plants that do not produce flowers but do produce seeds and means “naked seed”

Answer 9

Gymnosperms

Question 10

Very familiar conebearing gymnosperms

Answer 10

Conifers

Question 11

Examples of unusual gymnosperms:

Answer 11

Cycads

Ginkgo-oriental gymnosperm

Question 12

The life cycle of conifers that involves both asexual and sexual stages

Answer 12

Alternation of Generations

Question 13

The sporophyte generation starts when_____ takes place.

Answer 13

Fertilization

Question 14

Two types of cones that conifers produce which are usually produced on several shoots of the same tree:

Answer 14

Staminate cones- pollen-producing

Ovulate cones- seed-producing

Question 15

Nonflowering vascular plants with spore-bearing leaves and horizontal underground stems

Answer 15

Ferns

Question 16

Tiny,one-celled reproductive structures that are capable of growing into distinct or independent organisms under the proper conditions

Answer 16

Spores

Question 17

Large leaves that grow upward by unrolling from “fiddleheads” and are the leaves of the fern

Answer 17

Fronds

Question 18

Ferns produce small,brownish dots called:

Answer 18

Sori

Question 19

Underneath the soil are the fern’s underground stems called:

Answer 19

Rhizomes

Question 20

Creeping vascular plants with erect stems that bear spores in club-shaped,cone-like structures

Answer 20

Club mosses

Question 21

A typical club moss with horizontal stems which trail along with the ground or grow just below the surface

Answer 21

Lycopodium

Question 22

Vascular plants with unique hollow,jointed stems and very small leaves present only at the joints

Answer 22

Horsetails

Question 23

Three peculiar conifers

Answer 23

Bunya-bunya
Kauri
Wollemi pine

Question 24

Nonvascular plants that lack xylem and phloem

Answer 24

Mosses

Question 25

Botanists call mosses and liverworts_____,which literally means "mosslike plants."

Answer 25

Bryophytes

Question 26

Instead of roots,a moss has tiny hairlike threads called______which grow into the soil to absorb water and minerals.

Answer 26

Rhizoids

Question 27

What is a large,branching type of swamp-dwelling moss which is especially helpful in preventing soil erosion in the places where they grow?

Answer 27

Peat moss

Question 28

Decaying peat moss is the main constitution of a substance known as_______which is a compressed accumulation of peat bogs.

Answer 28

Peat

Question 29

Various partially decayed plant materials that collect in swamps and marshes:

Answer 29

Peat bogs

Question 30

What are nonvascular plants that lack true leaves,roots,stems and grow along the surface of the soil,attached by rhizoids,like mosses?

Answer 30

Liverworts

Question 31

What is the smallest of the green,chlorophyll-containing organisms,and lives nearly anywhere?

Answer 31

Algae

Question 32

What are microorganisms that float near the surface of the water and provide food for larger organisms? Algae are also a part of this.

Answer 32

Plankton

Question 33

_______is also extremely important because they are the major producers of food in aquatic environments.

Answer 33

Algae

Question 34

Some single-celled green algae clump together in differently sized and shaped groups called_______

Answer 34

Colonies

Question 35

What are organized groups in which individual cells are joined end to end,forming a long chain of cells?

Answer 35

Filaments

Question 36

What is the unicellular green alga that is one of the most important green algae because it has been widely used in the study of photosynthesis?

Answer 36

Chlorella

Question 37

Chlamydomonas is unusual in that it possesses two distinctly animal-like characteristics:

Answer 37

Flagella-whiplike structures that allow locomotion | Stigma,or eyespot

Question 38

What are a large group of freshwater green algae?

Answer 38

Desmids

Question 39

What live as single cells consisting of two identical semicells with a belt-like constriction about its middle?

Answer 39

Desmids

Question 40

What is an example of unicellular algae which live in colonies of hundreds or thousands of individual cells?

Answer 40

Volvox

Question 41

Slender filaments of an ulothrix grow attached to rocks and debris;the attachment is made by a special type of anchoring cell called a ______ which is found in certain types of algae.

Answer 41

Holdfast

Question 42

What is the filamentous algae that contains one or more ribbonlike chloroplasts arranged in a spiral?

Answer 42

Spirogyra

Question 43

The most numerous and most interesting of the yellow algae are the _______ which are possibly the most abundant life form on earth except for bacteria.

Answer 43

Diatoms

Question 44

Unusual gymnosperms that resemble palm trees are the:

Answer 44

Cycads

Question 45

An oriental gymnosperm with two-lobed,fan-shaped leaves is the:

Answer 45

Cycad

Question 46

Diatoms have rigid cell walls composed of:

Answer 46

Silica

Question 47

What is silica?

Answer 47

The hard substance in sand and glass.

Question 48

The cell walls in the diatoms is made of two almost equal halves called:

Answer 48

Valves

Question 49

Under certain conditions,the shells of diatoms may accumulate and become packed together to form layers of:

Answer 49

Diatomaceous earth

Question 50

What is a large saltwater algae,and are mostly brown algae if of colder ocean waters?

Answer 50

Seaweeds

Question 51

Seaweeds that are brown algae include:

Answer 51

Kelps Rockweeds Gulfweeds

Question 52

What is the largest brown algae,and may be over 200 feet long?

Answer 52

Kelps

Question 53

What is the gummy substance derived from kelp,and can hold several different liquids together in an emulsion?

Answer 53

Algin

Question 54

What is a type of brown algae,and is attached to rocks along the seashore by a means of holdfasts,and,like kelps,is a source of algin?

Answer 54

Rockweeds

Question 55

What kind of brown algae have a main stem with flattened,leaflike outgrowths and branches that contain air sacs and also give the Sargasso Sea it's name?

Answer 55

Gulfweeds

Question 56

What products are derived from red algae?

Answer 56

Carrageenan Agar Dulse Nori

Question 57

What gelatinous product used in many food products is derived from red algae?

Answer 57

Carrageenan

Question 58

What gelling agent which laboratories use as a culture medium for growing bacteria and is also derived from red algae?

Answer 58

Agar

Question 59

A common species of red algae that is edible:

Answer 59

Dulse

Question 60

The Japanese are the cultivators of an edible red algae they call:

Answer 60

Nori

Question 61

What kind of algae is classified as bacteria because of their cellular structure ?

Answer 61

Blue-green algae

Question 62

Blue-green algae is referred to as_________because of their bluish appearance.

Answer 62

Cyanobacteria

Question 63

A common specimen of blue-green algae is ________,a genus of nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria whose cells look like tiny beads or barrels.

Answer 63

Anabaena

Question 64

What are microscopic,one-celled,aquatic organisms found in both fresh water and salt water?

Answer 64

Dinoflagellates

Question 65

What is the only well-known dinoflagellate that occurs when the dinoflagellate "blooms",or grows so rapidly that the water is tinged with a pinkish color?

Answer 65

"Red tide"

Question 66

What is an example of red algae?

Answer 66

Irish moss

Question 67

What are nonvascular plants without chlorophyll that are dependent upon other organisms for food?

Answer 67

Fungi

Question 68

What term describes a plant that manufactures its own food?

Answer 68

Autotrophs

Question 69

What term describes organisms that must obtain their food from sources outside themselves? This also refers to what fungi are.

Answer 69

Heterotrophs

Question 70

Some of the more familiar fungi are:

Answer 70

``` Mushrooms Toadstools Molds Rusts Smuts Yeasts Mildews ```

Question 71

Most fungi are__________that is, they obtain their nutrition from dead organisms.

Answer 71

Saprophytes

Question 72

The threadlike structures which form the body of a fungus are called:

Answer 72

Hyphae

Question 73

The mass of hyphae forming the main body of fungus is the:

Answer 73

Mycelium

Question 74

Scientists who study fungi are called:

Answer 74

Mycologists

Question 75

Some fungi can be classified by the:

Answer 75

Shape of their spore-producing structures.

Question 76

Many fungi produce spores in microscopic club-shaped structures called:

Answer 76

Basidia

Question 77

Many fungi produce spores in microscopic club-shaped structures called basidia;these fungi are known as:

Answer 77

Club fungi

Question 78

Examples of club fungi include:

Answer 78

``` Mushrooms Toadstools Shelf fungi Rust Smuts ```

Question 79

What is a stalk of tightly bound hyphae topped by an umbrella-shaped,spore-forming structure that grows quickly into the air?

Answer 79

Fruiting body

Question 80

A fruiting body contains many______ that radiate from the stalk like spokes on a wheel.

Answer 80

Gills

Question 81

What kind of fungi are found growing on trees or rotting logs,grow,slowly,do not have gills,and their mycelia spreads throughout the log,digesting the wood and causing decay?

Answer 81

Bracket,or shelf fungi

Question 82

What is an organism that lives on or in another living organism and derives its nutrition from that organism?

Answer 82

Parasite

Question 83

Most rusts are_______which means they must have two hosts in order to complete their life cycle.

Answer 83

Alternate parasites

Question 84

What kind of fungi is widespread where both its hosts,wheat and barberry brush are common,and its hyphae so damage the wheat stocks that they fall and die before the grain is reproduced?

Answer 84

Wheat rust

Question 85

What kind of fungi often attack the tassels and ears of corn plants ,where large,shiny blisters are then formed?

Answer 85

Corn smuts

Question 86

What kind of fungi has saclike spore-producing structures?

Answer 86

Sac fungi

Question 87

What is the well-known sac fungus with small,colorless,single-celled organism which feeds on food containing sugar,converting the sugar into alcohol and carbon dioxide in the process?

Answer 87

Yeast

Question 88

What are the jellylike organisms often seen on the bark of fallen trees,and are often bright red,orange,or yellow?

Answer 88

Slime molds

Question 89

Sometimes a fungus and an alga live together in a close relationship that combines the two organisms into a single unit called a:

Answer 89

Lichen

Question 90

What are the three non-seed vascular plants?

Answer 90

Ferns Club mosses Horsetails

Question 91

What are the three groups of gymnosperms?

Answer 91

Cycads Ginkgos Conifers

Question 92

What are the three main groups of fungi?

Answer 92

Club fungi Molds Sac fungi