Flashcards in Chapter 12-Disease and the Body's Immune System Deck (98)
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1
What are the microscopic living creatures that cause disease and are commonly referred to as germs?
Microbes
2
Scientists refer to any organism which causes disease as a:
Pathogen
3
What are diseases caused by invading pathogens?
Infectious
4
What are diseases caused by factors such as aging, hormones, genetics, or nutrition?
Noninfectious
5
What term describes a a disease that is severe, but only lasting for a short time?
Acute
6
What term describes a disease that is long-lasting or recurring disorder?
Chronic
7
What are diseases in which tissues and organs gradually lose their ability to function properly?
Degenerative diseases
8
What are diseases caused by malfunctions of the immune system?
Immunological diseases
9
What is the most common immunological disease that occur when the immune system overreacts to foreign substances such as pollen, dust, or certain foods?
Allergies
10
What kind of diseases result when the immune system attacks the body it is supposed to protect?
Autoimmune disease
11
Disorders which occur as a result of malfunctions of the endocrine system are sometimes called:
Hormonal diseases
12
What kind of diseases occur during development in the mother's womb and are present at birth?
Congenital diseases
13
What kind of congenital disease results from genetic or inherited characteristics such as hemophilia, sickle cell anemia, and Tay-Sachs disease?
Genetic disease
14
What is a type of nutritional disease caused by a lack of an essential nutrition, such as a diet low in vitamins, minerals, or certain other nutrients?
Deficiency disease
15
Deficiency diseases are caused by ___________, which results from a diet lacking one or more essential food elements?
Malnutrition
16
What is the second-leading cause of death in the United States that results from the runaway growth of the body's own cells?
Cancer
17
Although your immune system seeks out and destroys some of the out-of-control cells, a few may escape destruction and form a mass of rapidly reproducing cells called a:
Tumor
18
What term describes a tumor that shows no tendency to spread through the body?
Benign
19
What are the four major factors that lead to cancer that together account for as many as 98% of all cancer deaths?
Hereditary defects
Smoke or drug abuse
Viruses
Nutrition
20
What is the most important factor in treating cancer?
To treat cancer early, before it has spread
21
What is one of the greatest ways to reduce your risk of cancer? As many as a third if all cancer deaths result from not doing this.
Avoid Cigarette smoking
22
What is one if the greatest ways to reduce your risk of cancer? People who do this are half as likely to develop firms of cancer.
Eat a healthy, balanced diet with plenty of vegetables
23
What may help prevent cancer by keeping your body's systems in proper operating condition?
Excercise
24
What is any condition which interferes with the normal functioning of the body?
Disease
25
What kind of diseases are those in which the invading microbe can be transferred from person to person (directly or indirectly)?
Communicable diseases
26
What kind of diseases are caused by microorganisms that are not transferred from one person to another?
Noncommunicable diseases
27
What are the microscopic unicellular (one-celled) creatures that are some of the most widespread organisms in all of God's creation?
Bacteria
28
Algae, fungi, bryophytes, and all other plants as well as animals have _____________, cells which have a membrane-bound nucleus and other membrane-enclosed cell parts?
Eukaryotic cells
29
In what kind of cell does the nucleus lack a membrane, so instead the nuclear material is clumped in a dense region of the cell called the nucleoid?
Prokaryotic cells
30
