Chapter 11-The Endocrine System:Glands

Question 1

What gland is located in the neck, slightly below the larynx?

Answer 1

Thyroid gland

Question 2

What are four disorders of the thyroid gland?

Answer 2

Cretinism
Hypothyroidism
Hyperthyroidism
Simple goiter

Question 3

Where are the islets of Langerhans located?

Answer 3

Pancreas

Question 4

What hormones do the islets of Langerhans produce?

Answer 4

Insulin

Glucagon

Question 5

What is a disorder of the islets of Langerhans?

Answer 5

Diabetes mellitus

Question 6

What hormones do the thyroid gland produce?

Answer 6

Thyroxine
Triodothyronine
Calcitonin

Question 7

What kind if glands sit like small caps on top of the kidneys?

Answer 7

Adrenal glands

Question 8

What hormones do the adrenal glands produce?

Answer 8

Epinephrine
Cortisol
Aldosterone

Question 9

What kind of adrenal hormone enters your blood in increased amounts when you are excited or alarmed?

Answer 9

Epinephrine

Question 10

What is the hormone epinephrine is commonly known as?

Answer 10

Adrenaline

Question 11

What kind of hormone of the adrenal gland differs from other hormones in that they are not protein compounds but, instead, are special lipid molecules?

Answer 11

Steroids

Question 12

What hormone of the adrenal glands is a steroid hormone, and stimulates the body to repair itself following an injury or stress?

Answer 12

Cortisol

Question 13

What hormone of the adrenal glands is a steroid hormone, and stimulates the kidney to conserve sodium and secrete potassium?

Answer 13

Aldosterone

Question 14

What are the reproductive organs?

Answer 14

Gonads

Question 15

What are the reproductive organs in males called?

Answer 15

Testes

Question 16

What are the reproductive organs in females called?

Answer 16

Ovaries

Question 17

What is the hormone produced by the ovaries in females called?

Answer 17

Estrogens

Question 18

What is the hormone produced by the testes in males called?

Answer 18

Testosterone

Question 19

A primary function of the sex hormones is to promote the production of ____________: eggs and sperms.

Answer 19

Gametes

Question 20

What is the time when a person is becoming sexually mature?

Answer 20

Adolescence

Question 21

What are the changes in adolescence that include such things as the growth of hair on the face and body, a deepening of the voice in males, and an enlargement of the breasts in females?

Answer 21

Secondary sex characteristics

Question 22

What is the gland that lies between the cerebral hemispheres of the brain, and its primary function seems to be the regulation of the body’s waking and sleeping cycles?

Answer 22

Pineal gland

Question 23

What hormone does the pineal gland produce?

Answer 23

Melatonin

Question 24

What hormone triggers the autonomic nervous system to relax, slows the activity of the reticular formation, and causes other changes that make you feel sleepy?

Answer 24

Melatonin

Question 25

What gland is embedded in the nasal cavity, and is sometimes called the "master gland" because it affects the other endocrine gland?

Answer 25

Pituitary gland

Question 26

What hormones does the pituitary gland produce?

Answer 26

Somatotropin | Gonadotropins

Question 27

What hormone of the pituitary gland is also called the growth hormone, and regulates skeletal growth?

Answer 27

Somatotropin

Question 28

What is a hormone of the pituitary gland which affect the development of the reproductive organs?

Answer 28

Gonadotropins

Question 29

What are some disorders of the pituitary glands' hormone, somatotropin?

Answer 29

Pituitary gigantism Pituitary dwarfism Acromegaly

Question 30

What is a disorder of the pituitary glands' hormone, somatotropin, that happens when too much of this hormone is produced during the growing years and a person may grow seven to nine feet tall?

Answer 30

Pituitary gigantism

Question 31

What is a disorder of the pituitary glands' hormone, somatotropin, that happens when too little somatotropin is produced during childhood and someone may develop into a well-proportioned little person?

Answer 31

Pituitary dwarfism

Question 32

What is a disorder of the pituitary glands' hormone, somatotropin, where the pituitary gland produces too much somatotropin after childhood development, and the bones of the head, hands, and feet become enlarged?

Answer 32

Acromegaly